SpringCloud（三）：客户端负载均衡——Ribbon与Feign

是什么？

• 是Spring Cloud 基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套**客户端 负载均衡**的工具、
• 将中间层服务链接在一起，Ribbon会自动的基于某种规则（简单轮询，随机，自定义规则，…）进行连接
• 从服务注册中心获取有哪些地址可用，再从这些地址中选一个合适的服务器

配置Ribbon负载均衡

添加依赖POM.XML

<!-- Ribbon相关 -->
<dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
 </dependency>
 <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
 </dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 80
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/

配置带负载均衡的RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced // //Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端       负载均衡的工具。
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

修改主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class DeptConsumer80_App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class,args);
    }
}

配置通过服务名连接Provider

@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer {
    //    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT";
    private final RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public DeptController_Consumer(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
        this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
    }

    @PostMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX + "/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
    }

再新建两个MODEL作为Provider

三者的yml如下(仅提供主要部分):

• 注意：如果三者提供的微服务一样，务必保证微服务名称（spring.application.name）一样 ，每个微服务的id（eureka.instance.instance-id ）必须唯一
• 每个微服务使用的数据库不一样，以方便区分三个微服务

Provider_1

server:
  port: 8001
spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    #    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01?serverTimezone=UTC              # 数据库名称
eureka:
  client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: springcloud-dept8001
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址

Provider_2

server:
  port: 8002
spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    #    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB02?serverTimezone=UTC              # 数据库名称
eureka:
  client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: springcloud-dept8002
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址

Provider_3

server:
  port: 8003
spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    #    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB03?serverTimezone=UTC              # 数据库名称
eureka:
  client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
  instance:
    instance-id: springcloud-dept8003
    prefer-ip-address: true     #访问路径可以显示IP地址

Provider集群启动效果

测试负载均衡是否生效

Ribbon切换负载均衡的规则（随机、轮询…）

将自定义Irule的Bean添加到context中

@Configuration
public class MyLBRule {
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RoundRobinRule();
    }
}

• 这里返回什么规则，就会使用什么负载均衡算法
• SpringCloud提供了一些内置的负载均衡算法
  

Ribbon自定义负载均衡算法

继承AbstractLoadBalancerRule抽象类，重写choose方法

• 注意 这个类不能在主启动类所在的包或其子包中
  

/**
 * 实现自定义规则，每五次一轮询
 */
public class RandomRule_CB extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {
    private int totalCount=5;
    private int curCount=0;
    private int curIndex=0;
    @Override
    public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {

    }
    private Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
        if (lb == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Server server = null;

        while (server == null) {
            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                return null;
            }
            List<Server> upList = lb.getReachableServers();
            List<Server> allList = lb.getAllServers();

            int serverCount = allList.size();
            if (serverCount == 0) {
                /*
                 * No servers. End regardless of pass, because subsequent passes
                 * only get more restrictive.
                 */
                return null;
            }

            if (curCount<totalCount){
                server=upList.get(curIndex%upList.size());
                curCount++;
            }else {
                curIndex ++;
                curIndex %= upList.size();
                curCount=0;
            }

            if (server == null) {
                /*
                 * The only time this should happen is if the server list were
                 * somehow trimmed. This is a transient condition. Retry after
                 * yielding.
                 */
                Thread.yield();
                continue;
            }

            if (server.isAlive()) {
                return (server);
            }

            // Shouldn't actually happen.. but must be transient or a bug.
            server = null;
            Thread.yield();
        }

        return server;

    }
    @Override
    public Server choose(Object key) {
        Server server = choose(getLoadBalancer(), key);
        return server;
    }
}

修改主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RibbonClient(name = "SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT",configuration = RandomRule_CB.class)
public class DeptConsumer80_App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class,args);
    }
}

Feign是什么？

• 声明式的web service客户端
• 只需要声明一个接口，然后在接口上添加相应的注解就好了

构建配置Feign

参考springcloud-consumer-dept-80工程创建Feign工程

修改POM.XML

<!--Feign相关-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>

在API工程中添加接口DeptClientService

@FeignClient(value = "SPRINGCLOUD-DEPT")
public interface DeptClientService {
    @GetMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}")
    Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id);

    @GetMapping(value = "/dept/list")
    List<Dept> list();

    @PostMapping(value = "/dept/add")
    boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept);
}

修改Controller

@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer {
    private final DeptClientService service;

    public DeptController_Consumer(DeptClientService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }
    @PostMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept) {
        return this.service.add(dept);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return this.service.get(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list() {
        return this.service.list();
    }

}

修改主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "online.abor.springcloud")
public class DeptConsumerFeign_App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumerFeign_App.class,args);
    }
}