IOC（Inversion of Control）控制反转，也叫DI（Dependency Injection）依赖注入，就是由容器控制程序之间的关系，而非程序代码直接操控，控制权由应用代码中转到了外部容器。就是说我有两个类，一个是A类一个是B类，如果在B类中想调用A类中的方法，传统的方法就是在B类中new一个A类的对象出来，但是spring的IOC中是在spring配置文件里面进行A类的创建，B类就不需要进行A类的创建，从而省去了这个环节。简单一点说：IOC就是一个生产和管理bean的容器，原来需要在调用类中new的东西，现在都是通过容器生成，同时，要是产生的是单例的bean，他还可以给管理bean的生命周期。
IOC有点像通过中介租房子，在我和房子之间引入第三者：中介。中介公司管理了很多房子的资料，我向中介提出一系列要求，告诉他我想找个什么样的房子，比如家电是否齐全，电视要什么牌子，要几室几厅，厨房是否有油烟机之类的，然后中介就会按照我们的要求，提供一个房子，我们只需要去看房子就行了。简单明了，如果中介给我们的房子不符合要求，我们就会抛出异常。整个过程不再由我自己控制，而是有中介公司这样一个类似容器的机构来控制。
使用单例或多例的原则是：“如果类中没有属性或有属性且不需要变的就用单例，反之用多例”。
使用注解的方式
spring-ioc-annotation-beans.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 指定spring去哪些包下扫描组件 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.ioc.annotation" />
<!-- 开启spring对注解的支持 -->
<context:annotation-config />
</beans>User实体类
package com.spring.ioc.annotation.entity;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class User {
@Value("1004")
private int id;
@Value("张三")
private String username;
@Value("456456")
private String password;
@Value("zhangsan@qq.com")
private String emain;
@Value("17845983765")
private String phone;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(int id, String username, String password, String emain, String phone) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.emain = emain;
this.phone = phone;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmain() {
return emain;
}
public void setEmain(String emain) {
this.emain = emain;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", emain=" + emain + ", phone="
+ phone + "]";
}
}UserDao层
package com.spring.ioc.annotation.dao;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.entity.User;
public interface UserDao {
int add(User user);
int del(int id);
int update(User user);
User load(int id);
}UserDaoImpl
package com.spring.ioc.annotation.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.dao.UserDao;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.entity.User;
//@Component
// 或
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public int add(User user) {
System.out.println("添加了" + user);
return 1;
}
@Override
public int del(int id) {
System.out.println("删除了id为" + id + "的数据");
return 1;
}
@Override
public int update(User user) {
System.out.println("修改数据为" + user);
return 1;
}
@Override
public User load(int id) {
User user = new User(2, "李四", "lll", "ls@qq.com", "17598463574");
System.out.println(user);
return user;
}
}UserService层
package com.spring.ioc.annotation.service;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.entity.User;
public interface UserService {
int add(User user);
int del(int id);
int update(User user);
User load(int id);
}UserServiceImpl
package com.spring.ioc.annotation.service.impl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.dao.UserDao;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.entity.User;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.service.UserService;
//@Component
// 或
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public int add(User user) {
return userDao.add(user);
}
@Override
public int del(int id) {
return userDao.del(id);
}
@Override
public int update(User user) {
return userDao.update(user);
}
@Override
public User load(int id) {
return userDao.load(id);
}
}UserController层
package com.spring.ioc.annotation.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.entity.User;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.service.UserService;
// @Component相当于<bean id="userController" class="com.spring.xml.controller.UserController" scope="prototype">
//@Component
// 或
@Controller
@Scope("prototype") // 多例模式
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private User user;
@Autowired // 根据类型自动注入
private UserService userService;
@Value("1") // 注入id值
private int id;
@Value("张三")
private List<String> names;
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setNames(List<String> names) {
this.names = names;
}
public void outUser() {
System.out.println(user);
}
public void outNames() {
System.out.println(names);
}
/*******************************************/
public int add() {
int i = 0;
i = userService.add(user);
return i;
}
public int del() {
int i = 0;
i = userService.del(id);
return i;
}
public int update() {
int i = 0;
i = userService.update(user);
return i;
}
public User load() {
User user = null;
user = userService.load(id);
return user;
}
}TestUser测试类
package com.spring.ioc.annotation.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.controller.UserController;
import com.spring.ioc.annotation.entity.User;
public class TestUserController {
private BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-ioc-annotation-beans.xml");
@Test
public void addTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
User user = new User(1, "Tom", "101010", "Tom@qq.com", "15632475984");
uc.setUser(user);
uc.add();
}
@Test
public void outUserTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
uc.outUser();
}
@Test
public void outNamesTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
uc.outNames();
}
@Test
public void delTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
uc.del();
}
@Test
public void updateTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
User user = new User(1003, "Tom", "101010", "Tom@qq.com", "15632475984");
uc.setUser(user);
uc.update();
}
@Test
public void loadTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
uc.load();
}
}使用xml的方式
spring-ioc-xml-beans.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.spring.ioc.xml.entity.User">
<property name="id" value="1001"/>
<property name="username" value="jack"/>
<property name="password" value="123123"/>
<property name="emain" value="jack@qq.com"/>
<property name="phone" value="18754697531"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.spring.ioc.xml.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" />
<!--
autowire：自动注入
default使用父标签的注入方式；no不使用自动注入
constructor使用构造器方式注入
byName根据属性名称注入；byType根据属性类型注入
-->
<bean id="userService" class="com.spring.ioc.xml.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName">
<!--
setXxx方式实现注入
name="userDao"的userDao是自动调用UserServiceImpl里面的userDao属性对应的setXxx()方法实现注入
ref="userDao"的userDao是依赖某个<bean id="xxx">里面的id值
-->
<!-- <property name="userDao" ref="userDao" /> -->
<!--
构造函数的方式实现注入
ref="userDao"的userDao是依赖某个<bean id="xxx">里面的id值
-->
<!-- <constructor-arg ref="userDao"/> -->
</bean>
<!--
scope：作用域；值有：singleton(默认值：单例模式)，prototype(多例模式)，request，session
对于Controller层而言，属性的状态值会根据不同的线程请求而得到不同的值，就应该用多例
-->
<bean id="userController" class="com.spring.ioc.xml.controller.UserController" scope="prototype">
<property name="user" ref="user"/>
<property name="userService" ref="userService" />
<property name="id" value="1002"/>
<property name="names">
<list>
<value>Tom</value>
<value>Jack</value>
<value>Jerry</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>User实体类
package com.spring.ioc.xml.entity;
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String emain;
private String phone;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(int id, String username, String password, String emain, String phone) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.emain = emain;
this.phone = phone;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmain() {
return emain;
}
public void setEmain(String emain) {
this.emain = emain;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", emain=" + emain + ", phone="
+ phone + "]";
}
}UserDao层
package com.spring.ioc.xml.dao;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.entity.User;
public interface UserDao {
int add(User user);
int del(int id);
int update(User user);
User load(int id);
}UserDaoImpl
package com.spring.ioc.xml.dao.impl;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.dao.UserDao;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.entity.User;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public int add(User user) {
System.out.println("添加了" + user);
return 1;
}
@Override
public int del(int id) {
System.out.println("删除了id为" + id + "的数据");
return 1;
}
@Override
public int update(User user) {
System.out.println("修改了" + user + "的数据");
return 1;
}
@Override
public User load(int id) {
User user = new User(2, "李四", "lll", "ls@qq.com", "17598463574");
return user;
}
}UserService层
package com.spring.ioc.xml.service;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.entity.User;
public interface UserService {
int add(User user);
int del(int id);
int update(User user);
User load(int id);
}UserServiceImpl
package com.spring.ioc.xml.service.impl;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.dao.UserDao;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.entity.User;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.service.UserService;
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
// setXxx方式实现注入
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
// 构造函数的方式实现注入
// public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao) {
// this.userDao = userDao;
// }
@Override
public int add(User user) {
return userDao.add(user);
}
@Override
public int del(int id) {
return userDao.del(id);
}
@Override
public int update(User user) {
return userDao.update(user);
}
@Override
public User load(int id) {
return userDao.load(id);
}
}UserController层
package com.spring.ioc.xml.controller;
import java.util.List;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.entity.User;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.service.UserService;
public class UserController {
private User user;
private UserService userService;
private int id;
private List<String> names;
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setNames(List<String> names) {
this.names = names;
}
public void outUser() {
System.out.println(user);
}
public void outNames() {
System.out.println(names);
}
/*******************************************/
public int add() {
int i = 0;
i = userService.add(user);
return i;
}
public int del() {
int i = 0;
i = userService.del(id);
return i;
}
public int update() {
int i = 0;
i = userService.update(user);
return i;
}
public User load() {
User user = null;
user = userService.load(id);
return user;
}
}TestUser测试类
package com.spring.ioc.xml.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.controller.UserController;
import com.spring.ioc.xml.entity.User;
public class TestUserController {
private BeanFactory bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-ioc-xml-beans.xml");
@Test
public void addTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
User user = new User(1, "Tom", "101010", "Tom@qq.com", "15632475984");
uc.setUser(user);
uc.add();
}
@Test
public void outUserTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
uc.outUser();
}
@Test
public void outNamesTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
uc.outNames();
}
@Test
public void delTest() {
UserController uc = bf.getBean("userController", UserController.class);
uc.del();
}
}
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