JNI开发
JNI全称是Java Native Interface,即Java本地接口
Java、JNI、C/C++互调
生成so库
使用CMake(跨平台编译工具)，配合CMakeList.txt和gradle来使用。
演示
创建项目
打开AndroidStudio创建新项目。（若缺少NDK，先下载NDK）
Select a Project Template 选择Native C++
native-lib.cpp实现了显示字符串的代码
#include <jni.h>
#include <string>
/**
*extern "C" 避免编译器按照C++的方法编译C函数，如果编译器安装C++的方法编译，函数就会重*载，会导致编译后函数名发生变化
*JNIEXPORT 类似public，可以让其他函数调用
*jstring 字符串类型 jint,jchar等
*JNICALL 为空 没有含义
*Java_com_afison_test_MainActivity_stringFromJNI Java_包名类名方法名
*JNIEnv* env 与java进行交互的相关函数
*/
extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_afison_test_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
JNIEnv* env,
jobject /* this */) {
std::string hello = "Hello from C++";
return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}
CMakeList.txt把源文件编译为库文件
# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html
# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)
# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
native-lib
# Sets the library as a shared library.
SHARED
# Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
native-lib.cpp )
# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
log-lib
# Specifies the name of the NDK library that
# you want CMake to locate.
log )
# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
native-lib
# Links the target library to the log library
# included in the NDK.
${log-lib} )
生成的so库文件
libnative-lib.so就是得到的库文件，可以直接调用so库实现对应方法。
仿写JNI代码–点亮led
打开native-lib.cpp文件，添加头文件，与c类似
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <android/log.h>//安卓打印调试信息的头文件
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
int fd = 0;//句柄，open之后的返回值
extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_afison_jnitest_MainActivity_LedOpen(
JNIEnv* env,
jobject /* this */) {
fd = open("/dev/leds_ctl",O_RDWR | O_NDELAY | O_NOCTTY);
if(fd <=0){
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,"serial","open /dev/leds_ctl Error");
}else{
__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO,"serial","open /dev/leds_ctl Success fd=%d",fd);
}
return 0;
}
extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_afison_jnitest_MainActivity_LedClos(
JNIEnv* env,
jobject /* this */) {
if(fd > 0) close(fd);
return 0;
}
extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_afison_jnitest_MainActivity_LedIoctl(
JNIEnv* env,
jobject, /* this */
jint num,
jint en) {
ioctl(fd,num,en);
return 0;
}
点击小锤子编译，生成不同平台的CPU库
虽然生成的库很多，但是实际不需要这么多库，可以只用armeabi-v7a即可满足大部分需求，armeabi-v7a兼容X86，ARMV7,ARMV8。
若想更改库路径
（1）更改so库的生成目录，我们打开CMakeList.txt，添加下面的一句设置：
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
C M A K E C U R R E N T S O U R C E D l R / . . / j n i L i b s / {CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DlR}/../jniLibs/ CMAKECURRENTSOURCEDlR/../jniLibs/{ANDROlD_ABI})
简化这个设置就是：
set （原路径，目标路径，生成那些平台对应的库文件）
参数解析如下：
CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR:这个是cmake 的库的原路径
/…/jniLibs/： 这个是指与 CMakeList.txt所在目录的同一级目录
ANDROID_ABI ： 生成那些平台对应的库文件。
我们打开CMakeList.txt，在里面添加这句代码，代码如下：
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../jniLibs/${ANDROID_ABI})
这样找库就方便很多
（2）生成指定平台的so库，我们打开gradle，这句代码的意思就是说添加只生成 armeabi-v7a的库。在build.gradle(:app)中添加如下代码
abiFilters "armeabi-v7a"
使用编译好的so库
选择一个空的Activity
包名要和生成好的so库包名一样com_afison_jnitest
native-lib.cpp底下包名
Java_com_afison_jnitest_MainActivity_LedIoctl(
JNIEnv* env,
jobject, /* this */
jint num,
jint en) {
ioctl(fd,num,en);
return 0;
}
拷贝jniLibs
导入库
/**
* 导入库
*/
static {
System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
}
/**
* 声明方法
*/
public native int LedOpen();
public native int LedClos();
public native int LedIoctl(int num,int en);
安卓UI
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center">
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="LED1 ON"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="LED2 OFF"/>
</LinearLayout>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
MainActivity
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
/**
* 导入库
*/
static {
System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
}
/**
* 声明方法
*/
public native int LedOpen();
public native int LedClos();
public native int LedIoctl(int num, int en);
private Button led_on;
private Button led_off;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
initListener();
}
private void initView() {
led_on = findViewById(R.id.button1);
led_off = findViewById(R.id.button2);
}
private void initListener() {
led_on.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
LedOpen();
LedIoctl(1,1);
}
});
led_off.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
LedOpen();
LedIoctl(0,0);
}
});
}
}
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