shell的执行流控制（for、while、until、if、case、expect）

1.for （循环）

知道循环次数，先判断后执行

1.1 for语句格式

 for 定义变量 
 do 使用变量，执行动作 
 done 结束标志 

格式1：

#!/bin/bash
for I in 1 2 3
do
        echo $I
done

---

格式2：

#!/bin/bash
for I in `seq 1 2 10`
do
        echo $I
done

---

格式3：

for I in {1..5}
do
        echo $I
done

---

格式4：

#!/bin/bash
for ((I=0;I<10;I++))
do
        echo $I
done

---

1.2 脚本练习

check_host.sh
用此脚本检测10台与您当前主机直连主机是否网络通常
如果网络通常请显示主机的ip列表

方法一：

#!/bin/bash
for n in `seq 1 254`
do
    IP="192.168.0.${n[@]}"
    ping -c1 -w1 $IP &>/dev/null && {
    echo $IP
}
done

方法二：

#!/bin/bash
for IP in {200..209}
do
    ping -c1 -w1 192.168.0.$IP &>/dev/null
    [ "$?" = "0" ]&& {
    echo 192.168.0.$IP
}
done

---

2.while

先循环后判断，不知道循环次数
&&只做一次，while会循环做。

2.1 while语句格式

 while ture 条件为真 
 do 条件成立所作循环动作
 done

---

3.until

程序设计中的直到型循环，当不满足条件时循环，满足时跳出循环。

3.1 until语句格式

until false  条件为假 
do  条件不成立所作循环动作
done 

---

4.if

4.1 if语句格式

 if 
 then 
 elif 
 then 
 ... 
 else 
 fi

4.2 IF脚本练习

check_file.sh
please input filename: file
file is not exist
file is common file
file is direcory 此脚本会一直询问直到用户输入exit为止
方法一：函数脚本

CHECK()
{
        read -p "Please input filename:" FILENAME

if [ "$FILENAME" = "exit" -o "$FILENAME" = "EXIT" ]
        then
                echo "Bye"
                exit
elif [ ! -e "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is not exist."

elif [ -L "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is link."

elif [ -f "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is common file."
                
elif [ -d "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is directory."

elif [ -S "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is socket."

elif [ -b "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is block."

elif [ -c "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is char."
        fi
        CHECK
}
CHECK

---

方法二：while循环

---

方法三：函数嵌套

#!/bin/bash
CHECK_FILE()
{
        if [ "$1" "$2" ]
        then
                echo $3
                ACTION
        fi
ACTION()
{
        read -p "Please input filename:" FILENAME
        if [ "$FILENAME" = "exit" -o "$FILENAME" = "EXIT" ]
        then
                echo "Bye"
                exit
        elif [ ! -e "$FILENAME" ]
        then
                echo "$FILENAME is not exist."
        fi
        CHECK_FILE -L $FILENAME  "$FILENAME is linkfile."
        CHECK_FILE -f $FILENAME  "$FILENAME is common file."
        CHECK_FILE -d $FILENAME  "$FILENAME is directory."
        CHECK_FILE -S $FILENAME  "$FILENAME is socket."
        CHECK_FILE -b $FILENAME  "$FILENAME is block."
        CHECK_FILE -c $FILENAME  "$FILENAME is char."
        ACTION
}
ACTION
}

---

5.case

5.1 CASE语句格式

case $1 in 
           word1|WORD1) 
           action1 
           ;; 
         
           word2|WORD2) 
           action2 
           ;; 
         
           *) 
           action3 
           esac

#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
        red|RED)
        echo "color"
        ;;
        1|2|3)
        echo "number"
        ;;
        *)
        echo error
esac

---

5.2 CASE练习

脚本练习
system_watch.sh disk memory upload (每秒显示)
disk 监控磁盘使用情况
memory 监控内存使用情况
upload 监控启动负载

#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
        disk|DISK)
        watch -n 1 df -h /
        ;;
        mem|MEM)
        watch -n 1 free -m
        ;;
        upload|UPLOAD)
        watch -n 1 uptime
        ;;
        *)
        echo "Error:Please input disk|mem|upload"
esac

---

6.expect(自动应答)

需要安装expect
dnf install expect -y

6.1 expect示例

问题脚本

#!/bin/bash
read -p "What's your name:" NAME
read -p "How old are you:" AGE
read -p "which objective:" OBJ
read -p "How are you feeling:" FEEL
echo $NAME is $AGE years old and $FEEL to learn $OBJ.

---

EOF应答脚本：必须完整回答

---

Expect应答脚本:可以检测问题关键字

1.多个expect

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2.一个expect

---

3.设定expect中的变量

 #!/usr/bin/expect 
 set timeout 1 
 set NAME [ lindex $argv 0 ] 设定变量
 set AGE  [ lindex $argv 1 ] 
 set OBJ [ lindex $argv 2 ] 
 set FEEL [ lindex $argv 3 ] 
 
spawn /mnt/ask.sh  #监控环境

expect { 
"name" { send "$NAME\r";exp_continue } 
"old" { send "$AGE\r";exp_continue } 
"objective" { send "$OBJ\r";exp_continue } 
"feeling" { send "$FEEL\r" } } 
expect eof

---

6.2 expect脚本练习

auto_ssh 192.168.0.1 westos
可以自动连接目标主机当目标主机网络不通时报错
方法一：

#！/usr/bin/expect
set IP   [ lindex $argv 0 ]
set PASS [ lindex $argv 1]

spawn ssh root@$IP
expect {
        "yes/no"    { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
        "password"  { send "$PASS\r"}
}
interact

---

方法二：

#!/bin/bash
AUTO_CMD()
{
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn ssh root@$1 "$3"
expect {
        "yes/no"    { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
        "password"  { send "$2\r"}
}
expect eof
EOF
}

ping -c1 -w1 $1 &> /dev/null &&{
        AUTO_CMD $1 $2 "$3"
}

7.break,continue,exit

contiue	终止当此次前循环提前进入下个循环
break	终止当前所在语句所有动作进行语句外的其他动作
exit	脚本退出

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