string

一、标准库string类型

string类型支持长度可变的字符串，C++标准库将负责管理与存储字符相关的内存，以及提供各种有用的操作 ，在VC中直接F1查看

template <
   class CharType,
   class Traits=char_traits<CharType>, 
   class Allocator=allocator<CharType> 
>
class basic_string

typedef basic_string<char> string; 

typedef basic_string<wchar_t> wstring; 

要使用string类型对象，必须包含相关头文件 

#include <string>

using std::string;

string对象的定义和初始化：

string s1; //默认构造函数，s1为空串

string s2(s1); //将s2初始化为s1的一个副本

string s3(“value”);  //将s3初始化为一个字符串字面值副本

string s4(n, ‘c’); //将s4初始化为字符‘c’的n个副本

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


int main(void)
{
    string s1;
    string s2("abcdefghijkl");
    cout << s2 << endl;

    basic_string<char> s3("xxx");   // 等价于string s3("xxx");
    cout << s3 << endl;

    string s4("abcdefg", 4);
    cout << s4 << endl;

    string s5(s2, 2, 3);
    cout << s5 << endl;

    string::iterator first = s2.begin() + 1;
    string::iterator last = s2.begin() + 3;

    string s6(first, last);     //[first, last)
    cout << s6 << endl;


    return 0;
}

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    string s1("abcdefdg");
    cout << s1.size() << endl;
    cout << s1.length() << endl;
    cout << s1.empty() << endl;

    cout << s1.substr(1, 2) << endl;
    cout << s1.substr(1) << endl; //等价于s1.substr(1, -1);

    string::size_type pos = s1.find('d', 1);//位置从0开始算起
    if (pos == string::npos) //npos = -1
        cout << "not found" << endl;
    else
        cout << "pos=" << pos << endl;

    pos = s1.rfind('d');
    if (pos == string::npos)
        cout << "not found" << endl;
    else
        cout << "pos=" << pos << endl;


    return 0;
}

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    string s1("abcdefghijkl");
    s1.replace(2, 2, "AAAAAA");
    cout << s1 << endl;

    s1 = "abcdefg";
    s1.replace(s1.begin() + 1, s1.begin() + 4, "AAAAAA");
    cout << s1 << endl;

    string s2 = "xyzabc";
    s2.insert(2, "MMMM"); //在位置2之前插入
    cout << s2 << endl;
    s2.append("6666");
    cout << s2 << endl;

    string s3 = "111";
    s2.swap(s3);

    cout << s2 << endl;
    cout << s3 << endl;
    return 0;
}

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void fun(char *str)
{
    cout << str << endl;
}

int main(void)
{
    string s1 = "abc";

    s1[1] = 'B';

    cout << s1 << endl;

    const string s2 = "xyz";
    //s2[1] = 'Y';      Error s2[1] 返回的是 const char&

    string s3 = "111" + s1 + "222" ;
    cout << s3 << endl;

    //s3.c_str()
    fun(const_cast<char *>(s3.c_str()));

    return 0;
}

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    string strinfo = " //*---Hello World!......------";
    string strset = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    string::size_type first = strinfo.find_first_of(strset);
    if(first == string::npos)
        cout << "not find any characters" << endl;
    string::size_type last = strinfo.find_last_of(strset);
    if(last == string::npos)
        cout << "not find any characters" << endl;
    cout << strinfo.substr(first, last - first + 1) << endl;
    return 0;
}

可以利用find_first_of 等操作去除空格，如去除左空格可以这样：

string s = "   afas";

string drop = " \t";

s.erase(0, s.find_first_not_of(drop));

去除右空格：

string s = "  dsfs  ";

string drop = " \t";

s.erase(s.find_last_not_of(drop)+1);