MySQL进阶（多实例部署）

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-02 06:14:43 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-10-02 06:14:43 发布
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MySQL多实例部署

文章目录

1.软件下载

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2022-07-31 12:25:27--  https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)... 23.2.135.207, 2600:140b:2:99c::2e31, 2600:140b:2:99d::2e31
Connecting to downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)|23.2.135.207|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
--2022-07-31 12:25:28--  https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.78.91.208
Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.78.91.208|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 674830866 (644M) [application/x-tar-gz]
Saving to: 'mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz'

mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc 100%[===============================>] 643.57M  1.33MB/s    in 11m 18s 

2022-07-31 12:36:47 (971 KB/s) - 'mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz' saved [674830866/674830866]
[root@localhost src]# ls
debug  kernels  mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.配置用户&组,解压二进制程序

[root@localhost src]# useradd -M -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost src]# id mysql
uid=994(mysql) gid=991(mysql) groups=991(mysql)
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/
bin  games    lib    libexec                              sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64'
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  17 Jul 19 14:22 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  35 Jul 31 13:20 mysql -> mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Jul 31 13:18 mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 Jul 19 14:22 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Jun 22  2021 src

//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 35 Jul 31 13:20 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64


//配置环境变量
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

//创建头文件
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
LICENSE  README  bin  docs  include  lib  man  share  support-files

[root@localhost mysql]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
'/usr/include/mysql' -> '/usr/local/mysql/include/'
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ll -d /usr/include/mysql
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 25 Jul 31 13:25 /usr/include/mysql -> /usr/local/mysql/include/

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib/
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf 
#MANDATORY_MANPATH                      /usr/src/pvm3/man
#
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man  //在前一行后面添加此行

3.创建各实例数据存放的目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data/{3306,3307,3308}
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 31 13:30 3306
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 31 13:30 3307
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 31 13:30 3308
[root@localhost ~]# tree /opt/data/
/opt/data/
|-- 3306
|-- 3307
`-- 3308

3 directories, 0 files

4.初始化示例

//3306:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3306
2022-07-31T05:33:50.861240Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-31T05:33:51.136267Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-31T05:33:51.232923Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-31T05:33:51.246349Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5bf5e024-1092-11ed-aa1a-000c2939ef7e.
2022-07-31T05:33:51.247152Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-31T05:33:51.439341Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-31T05:33:51.439384Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-31T05:33:51.439731Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-31T05:33:51.569766Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: J1gfquM7TO-L
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'J1gfquM7TO-L' > 3306
[root@localhost ~]# ls
3306  anaconda-ks.cfg

//3307:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3307
2022-07-31T05:35:56.454739Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-31T05:35:56.950322Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-31T05:35:57.055888Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-31T05:35:57.069465Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a6f4f5b2-1092-11ed-b570-000c2939ef7e.
2022-07-31T05:35:57.071681Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-31T05:35:57.215920Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-31T05:35:57.215972Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-31T05:35:57.216383Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-31T05:35:57.244414Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: DRquWwW1mW!&
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'DRquWwW1mW!&' > 3307
[root@localhost ~]# ls
3306  3307  anaconda-ks.cfg

//3308:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3308
2022-07-31T05:37:20.519694Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-31T05:37:21.052193Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-31T05:37:21.152296Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-31T05:37:21.164130Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d914c986-1092-11ed-a72f-000c2939ef7e.
2022-07-31T05:37:21.165048Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-31T05:37:21.521412Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-31T05:37:21.521472Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-31T05:37:21.521857Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-31T05:37:21.647704Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fsHA=urhD4-r
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'fsHA=urhD4-r' >3308
[root@localhost ~]# ls
3306  3307  3308  anaconda-ks.cfg

5.配置配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

[mysqld3306]
datadir = /opt/data/3306
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid
log-error=/var/log/3306.log

[mysqld3307]
datadir = /opt/data/3307
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3307/mysql_3307.pid
log-error=/var/log/3307.log

[mysqld3308]
datadir = /opt/data/3308
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql3308.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3308/mysql_3308.pid
log-error=/var/log/3308.log

6.启动各示例

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
-bash: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi: /usr/bin/perl: bad interpreter: No such file or directory				
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install perl
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install ncurses-compat-libs
[root@localhost ~]# file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi: Perl script text executable

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "zh_CN.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3307
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "zh_CN.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3308
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
        LANGUAGE = (unset),
        LC_ALL = (unset),
        LANG = "zh_CN.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

[root@localhost ~]# ss -amlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port                    Peer Address:Port     Process                                                                                          
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:ssh                          0.0.0.0:*        
         skmem:(r0,rb87380,t0,tb16384,f0,w0,o0,bl0,d0)                                                 
LISTEN     0          80                         *:opsession-prxy                     *:*        
         skmem:(r0,rb87380,t0,tb16384,f0,w0,o0,bl0,d0)                                                 
LISTEN     0          80                         *:tns-server                         *:*        
         skmem:(r0,rb87380,t0,tb16384,f0,w0,o0,bl0,d0)                                                 
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:ssh                             [::]:*        
         skmem:(r0,rb87380,t0,tb16384,f0,w0,o0,bl0,d0)                                                 
LISTEN     0          80                         *:mysql                              *:*        
         skmem:(r0,rb87380,t0,tb16384,f0,w0,o0,bl0,d0)

7.使用system控制启动

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep 3306 | grep -v grep
root      278753       1  0 13:42 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data/3306 --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock --pid-file=/opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid --log-error=/var/log/3306.log
mysql     278916  278753  0 13:42 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data/3306 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/3306.log --pid-file=/opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock --port=3306
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep 3306 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2}'
278753
278916
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep 3306 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2}' | xargs kill -9
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3307                    *:*                   
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3308                    *:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:* 

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep 3307 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2}' | xargs kill -9
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3308                    *:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:* 

[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep 3308 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2}' | xargs kill -9
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:* 

//配置3306
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/3306.service
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/3306.service
[Unit]
Description=3306 server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3306
ExecStop=ps -ef | grep 3306 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2}' | xargs kill -9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

//配置3307
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/3306.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/3307.service
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/3307.service 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/3307.service 
[Unit]
Description=3307 server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3307
ExecStop=ps -ef | grep 3307 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2}' | xargs kill -9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

//配置3308
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/3306.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/3308.service
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/3308.service
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/3308.service
[Unit]
Description=3308 server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 3308
ExecStop=ps -ef | grep 3308 | grep -v grep | awk '{print$2}' | xargs kill -9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

//刷新后关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

//启动3306，3307，3308
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start 3306
Job for 3306.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status 3306.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

//创建一个软链接到/usr/bin下
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/my_print_defaults /usr/bin/my_print_defaults
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start 3306
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start 3307
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start 3308
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3307                    *:*                   
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3308                    *:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*                   
LISTEN     0          80                         *:3306                    *:*

8.初始化密码

//3306
[root@localhost ~]mysql -uroot -p'J1gfquM7TO-L' -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//3307
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'DRquWwW1mW!&' -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//3308
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'fsHA=urhD4-r' -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
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一、后台线程 （1）Master Thread 负责刷新内存池中的数据，保证缓冲池中的内存缓存是最近的数据。该线程具备最高的优先级，会根据数据库的运行状态在loop、background loop、flush loop、suspend loop之间切换。 loop的主要是进行每秒钟的日志buffer刷盘，合并插入buffer，刷新脏页等，以及每十秒钟进行一次删除无用的undo页。 backgro...
MySQL进阶知识：InnoDB引擎
zmbwcx的博客
11-30 1159
当我们在一个事务中，执行多个增删改的操作时，InnoDB引擎会先操作缓冲池中的数据，如果缓冲区没有对应的数据，会通过后台线程将磁盘中的数据加载出来，存放在缓冲区中，然后将缓冲池中的数据修改，修改后的数据页我们称为脏页。如果需要更新、插入或删除许多行的事务，增加日志缓冲区的大小可以节省磁盘 I/O。缓冲池，是主内存中的一个区域，里面可以缓存磁盘上经常操作的真实数据，在执行增删改查操作时，先操作缓冲池中的数据（若缓冲池没有数据，则从磁盘加载并缓存），然后再以一定频率刷新到磁盘，从而减少磁盘IO，加快处理速度。
MySQL数据库进阶实战 完整版PDF.pdf
05-07
通过以上介绍，可以看出《冬季实战营第三期：MySQL数据库进阶实战》不仅涵盖了 MySQL 数据库的基础知识，还深入探讨了在云环境中部署和管理 MySQL 的方法。对于希望深入学习 MySQL 数据库管理和云技术的开发者来说，...
MySQL文档资料，文档包含三个部分：基础、进阶、运维
05-31
6. **升级与迁移**：从一个版本升级到另一个版本，或者在不同环境间迁移MySQL实例的策略。 7. **云服务集成**：在AWS、Google Cloud或Azure等云平台上部署和管理MySQL的要点。 通过这三个篇章的学习，读者可以逐步...
MySQL面试题：从基础到进阶全面解析
10-20
1. 云计算：分析云计算对数据库行业的影响，了解MySQL在云环境下的部署和使用。 2. 大数据处理：讨论MySQL与Hadoop、Spark等大数据框架的集成，实现大数据的存储和查询。 3. 物联网：探索MySQL在物联网领域的应用，...
docker容器mysql数据备份 mysql容器无法启动备份数据
zhangxu1998lq的博客
09-30 324
mysql是旧容器名 因为mysql的配置文件my.cnf的路径没有映射到服务器，我修改了配置文件，配置文件有错误导致，容器启动不了，一直restarting。nmysql是新容器名 mysql是旧容器名 mysql:5.7是我的镜像名。新容器正常启动，旧容器的数据都还在。
Python 3 和 MySQL(PyMySQL) 的完美结合
最新发布
wjs2024的博客
10-02 498
PyMySQL 是一个纯 Python 编写的 MySQL 客户端库，它提供了与 MySQL 数据库进行交互的接口。PyMySQL 设计轻量、易于安装和使用，且完全兼容 MySQLdb 接口，使得从 MySQLdb 迁移变得非常简单。Python 3 和 PyMySQL 库的结合为开发人员提供了一种高效、简洁的方式来与 MySQL 数据库进行交互。通过本文的介绍，您应该能够理解如何安装 PyMySQL、建立数据库连接、执行 SQL 语句、处理查询结果以及处理可能出现的错误。
滚雪球学MySQL[1.3讲]：MySQL客户端工具：详解与实践
**My Coding Family**
10-01 1327
在上期文章中，我们深入探讨了MySQL的安装与配置，这为我们顺利使用MySQL打下了基础。具体来说，我们介绍了如何正确安装MySQL、配置环境变量、调整字符集，并确保数据库可以正常运行。这些基础配置是后续操作的前提，理解并掌握这些技能能够帮助你在未来的开发工作中减少不必要的麻烦。然而，安装与配置仅仅是迈出了使用MySQL的第一步。真正的工作是如何高效地与数据库交互，并对数据进行增删改查。这时候就需要借助强大的MySQL客户端工具。
基于SpringBoot+Vue+MySQL的考勤管理系统
程序员大金的博客
09-30 1036
基于SpringBoot+Vue+MySQL的考勤管理系统，附源码。
Python对数据库（MySQL，redis、MongoDB）的操作
wu73guang5jian的博客
09-27 1539
python对MySQL、Redis，MongoDB的操作
MySQL—索引机制详解
m0_74293254的博客
09-27 1018
MySQL 官方定义索引为一种帮助数据库高效获取数据的结构，其本质是排好序的快速查找数据结构。数据库除了存储表中的数据，还维护一些额外的满足特定查找算法的数据结构，这些数据结构以某种方式指向实际的数据，从而加快查询的速度。这种额外维护的数据结构就是索引。由于索引是在存储引擎层实现的，不同的存储引擎对索引的实现方式可能不尽相同，因此没有统一的索引标准。索引的使用数据库中的索引可以类比为书籍的目录，它指向实际的数据，帮助快速定位。下图展示了索引的工作原理：在图中，左边是一张数据表，包含两列和七条记录。
MySQL新手指南：快速部署与理解安装过程
这本新手必备的MySQL安装部署中文指南为学习者提供了一个从入门到进阶的完整路径，无论你是初学者还是想深入学习MySQL的开发者，都将从中受益匪浅。对于那些希望通过实践操作来掌握MySQL的人来说，这份资源是不可或...
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