Matlab判断系统线性

前言：

假设对系统输入信号x[n],输出y[n] = x[n]*u[n],即T{x[n]} = x[n]*u[n],（x[n]可为任意信号）判断该系统是否线性（齐次与可加）。

        判断方法：给两个不同的信号，加权后分别输入系统后相加，与加权相加后输入系统的输出作比较，若两者相等，则视系统线性。我们可以随机生成一个x[n],然后对x[n]加权获得第二个输入信号。

        请看源码，函数请分别添加至与源码相同的工作目录下。

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源码：

clc
clear

n = 1:100;
x1 = rand(1,length(n));%生成随机信号x1 = x[n]
x2 = 2*x1;%对x[n]加权,x2 = 2*x[n]
[u0,n0] = stepseq(0,1,100);%生成u[n]
[mx1,nx1] = sigmult(x1,n,u0,n0);%T{x1[n]}
[mx2,nx2] = sigmult(x2,n,u0,n0);%T{x2[n]}
[ax,an] = sigadd(mx1,nx1,mx2,nx2);%ax = T{x1} + T{x2}

[bx,bn] = sigadd(x1,n,x2,n);%bx = x1 + x2
[mb,nb] = sigmult(bx,bn,u0,n0);%mb = T{x1+x2}
%//
%判断ax = T{x1} + T{x2} 与mb = T{x1+x2}的差异，若两者差距极小，则认为系统线性
if(ax - mb)<1e-6
    disp('Linear');
else
    disp('Not Linear');
end

figure;
stem(an,ax,'p');
hold on
stem(nb,mb,'r');

用到的函数：

%stepseq.m
function [x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
% Generates x(n) = u(n-n0); n1 <= n <= n2
% ------------------------------------------
% [x,n] = stepseq(n0,n1,n2)
%
close all
n = [n1:n2]; x = [(n-n0) >= 0];%n小于n0逻辑假=0；反之为1；
figure;
stem(n,x);

%sigadd.m
function [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% implements y(n) = x1(n)+x2(n)
% -----------------------------
% [y,n] = sigadd(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% y = sum sequence over n, which includes n1 and n2
% x1 = first sequence over n1
% x2 = second sequence over n2 (n2 can be different from n1)
%
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2)); % duration of y(n)
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); y2 = y1; % initialization
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))=x1; % x1 with duration of y
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))=x2; % x2 with duration of y
y = y1+y2; % sequence addition

%sigmult.m
function [y,n] = sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% implements y(n) = x1(n)*x2(n)
% -----------------------------
% [y,n] = sigmult(x1,n1,x2,n2)
% y = product sequence over n, which includes n1 and n2
% x1 = first sequence over n1
% x2 = second sequence over n2 (n2 can be different from n1)
n = min(min(n1),min(n2)):max(max(n1),max(n2)); % duration of y(n)
y1 = zeros(1,length(n)); y2 = y1; %
y1(find((n>=min(n1))&(n<=max(n1))==1))=x1; % x1 with duration of y
y2(find((n>=min(n2))&(n<=max(n2))==1))=x2; % x2 with duration of y
y = y1 .* y2; % sequence multiplication

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运行结果：

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结语：

        作者初接触Matlab与DSP,不足与错误之处请多指点！