103. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal

Given a binary tree, return the zigzag level order traversal of its nodes’ values. (ie, from left to right, then right to left for the next level and alternate between).

For example:
Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7],

    3
   / \
  9  20
    /  \
   15   7

return its zigzag level order traversal as:

[
  [3],
  [20,9],
  [15,7]
]

题意:

返回二叉树的“之”字形遍历结果

思路:

和普通的层次遍历思路类似，区别在于处理时需要维护两个栈，相邻两行分别存到两个栈中，进栈的顺序也不相同，一个栈是先进左子结点然后右子节点，另一个栈是先进右子节点然后左子结点，这样出栈的顺序就是我们想要的之字形了。记住后进栈的出站时先被处理：

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int> > zigzagLevelOrder(TreeNode *root) {
        vector<vector<int> >res;
        if (!root) return res;
        stack<TreeNode*> s1;
        stack<TreeNode*> s2;
        s1.push(root);
        vector<int> out;
        while (!s1.empty() || !s2.empty()) {
            while (!s1.empty()) {
                TreeNode *cur = s1.top();
                s1.pop();
                out.push_back(cur->val);
                if (cur->left) s2.push(cur->left);
                if (cur->right) s2.push(cur->right);
            } 
            if (!out.empty()) res.push_back(out);
            out.clear();
            while (!s2.empty()) {
                TreeNode *cur = s2.top();
                s2.pop();
                out.push_back(cur->val);
                if (cur->right) s1.push(cur->right);
                if (cur->left) s1.push(cur->left);
            }
            if (!out.empty()) res.push_back(out);
            out.clear();
        }
        return res;
    }
};