【重点】【双指针】42. 接雨水

题目
重点题目，深刻理解！！！

解法1：备忘录

O(N) + O(N)

class Solution {
    public int trap(int[] height) {
        int n = height.length, res = 0;
        int[] lMax = new int[n];
        int[] rMax = new int[n];
        lMax[0] = height[0];
        rMax[n - 1] = height[n - 1];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
            lMax[i] = Math.max(lMax[i - 1], height[i]);
        }
        for (int i = n - 2; i >=0; --i) {
            rMax[i] = Math.max(rMax[i + 1], height[i]);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            res += Math.min(lMax[i], rMax[i]) - height[i];
        }

        return res;
    }
}

解法2：双指针

O(N) + O(1)

class Solution {
    public int trap(int[] height) {
        int n = height.length;
        int left = 0, right = n - 1, res = 0, lMax = height[0], rMax = height[n - 1];
        while (left <= right) {
            lMax = Math.max(lMax, height[left]);
            rMax = Math.max(rMax, height[right]);
            if (lMax <= rMax) {
                res += lMax - height[left];
                ++left;
            } else {
                res += rMax - height[right];
                --right;
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
}

// 版本2
class Solution {
    public int trap(int[] height) {
        int n = height.length;
        if (n < 3) {
            return 0;
        }
        int ans = 0;
        int l = 0, r = n - 1, lMax = height[0], rMax = height[n - 1];
        while (l < r) {
            if (lMax <= rMax) {
                ans += lMax - height[l];
                ++l;
                lMax = Math.max(lMax, height[l]);
            } else {
                ans += rMax - height[r];
                --r;
                rMax = Math.max(rMax, height[r]);
            }
        }

        return ans;
    }
}