SpringMVC入门

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-10 17:03:59 发布

Ally441

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-10 17:03:59 发布

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分类专栏：框架

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Ally441/article/details/89682746

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SpringMVC是目前最好实现MVC设计模式的框架；Spring框架的一个后续产品；Spring框架的一个子模块，二者可以很好的结合使用，不需要整合。

MVC设计模式：

Controller:负责接受并处理请求，响应客户端
Model：模型数据，业务逻辑
View：呈现模型，与用户进行交互

SpringMVC核心组件:

DispatcherServlet:前置控制器。是整个流程控制中心，控制其他组件的执行，降低各个组件的耦合性。
Handler:处理器，完成具体的业务逻辑
HandlerMapping：将请求映射到Handler
HandlerInterceptor:处理器拦截器
HandlerExecutionChain:处理器执行链(包含了Handler和HandlerInterceptor）(preHandle——>Controller method——>postHandle——>afterCompletion)
HandlerAdapter:处理器适配器
ModelAndView:装载模型数据和视图信息
ViewResolver:视图解析器

SpringMVC实现流程:

客户端请求被DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet将请求根据HandlerMapping映射到具体的Handler
生成Handler以及HandlerInterceptor
返回HandlerExecutionChain(Handler+HandlerInterceptor)
DispatcherServlet通过HandlerAdapter执行Handler
返回一个ModelAndView
DispatcherServlet通过ViewResolver视图解析器进行解析
返回填充了模型数据的View，响应给客户端

SpringMVC的使用

<!--添加依赖包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--xml配置需要的依赖包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.0</version>
    </dependency>

web.xml配置:

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

基于xml的配置

springmvc.xml配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--配置HandlerMapping,将url请求映射到Handler-->
    <bean id="handerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <!--配置mapping-->
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <prop key="/test">testHandler</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--配置Handler-->
    <bean id="testHandler" class="com.imooc.handler.MyHandler"></bean>
    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!--配置后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试类:

public class MyHandler implements Controller {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("name","Ally");
        //添加逻辑视图
        modelAndView.setViewName("show");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

show.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    ${requestScope.name}<br/>
</body>
</html>

基于注释的配置

springmvc.xml配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--将AnnotationHandler自动扫描到IOC容器中-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.imooc.handler"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!--配置后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试类:

@Controller
public class AnnotationHandler {
    /**
     * 业务方法:ModelAndView 完成数据的传递，视图的解析
     */
    @RequestMapping("/modelAndViewTest")
    public ModelAndView modelAndViewTest(){
        ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("name","Ally");
        modelAndView.setViewName("show");
        return modelAndView;
    }

    /**
     * 业务方法:model传值，String进行视图解析
     */
    @RequestMapping("/ModelTest")
    public String ModelTest(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("name","Jack");
        return "show";
    }

    /**
     * 业务方法:Map传值，String进行视图解析
     */
    @RequestMapping("/MapTest")
    public String MapTest(Map<String,String> map){
        map.put("name","Jerry");
        return "show";
    }

}

show.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    ${requestScope.name}<br/>
</body>
</html>