枚举类的使用

如何自定义枚举类

• 类的对象只有有限个，确定的。如：
  星期：Monday, Tuesday, …, Sunday.
  季节：Spring, Summer, Autumn
• 当需要定义一组常量的时，强烈建议使用枚举类。
• 如果枚举类中只有一个关键词，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。

jdk5.0之前，自定义枚举类

package org.example;

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
    }
}

//自定义枚举类
class Season {

    //1. 声明Season对象的属性, 使用 private,final 修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2. 私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3. 提供当前枚举类的多个对象，public static final
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "冰天雪地");

    //4. 其他诉求：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    //5. 其他诉求，提供toString()方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

如何使用关键字enum定义枚举类

（jdk5.0之后）

package org.example;

/**
 * 使用Enum关键字来定义枚举类
 * 说明：定义的枚举类默认继承于java.lang.Enum类
 */
public class SeasonTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Season1.SPRING);
        System.out.println(Season1.SUMMER);
        System.out.println(Season1.AUTUMN);
        System.out.println(Season1.WINTER);
        System.out.println(Season1.WINTER.getSeasonName());
        System.out.println(Season1.WINTER.getSeasonDesc());
    }
}

enum Season1 {
    //1. 提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用”,”隔开，末尾用“;“结束
    //必须声明在一开始
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地");

    //2. 声明Season对象的属性, 使用 private,final 修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //3. 私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值,无需private声明
    Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4. 其他诉求：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    //5. 继承Enum类的toString()方法
}

Enum类的使用

package org.example;

/**
 * Enum类中的使用方法
 * 1. values()：返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值。
 * 2. valueOf(String name)：返回枚举类中对象名为name的对象
 * 如果没有对象名为name的对象则抛异常：java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
 * 3. toString()：返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称。
 */
public class SeasonTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season2 spring = Season2.SPRING;

        //1. values()
        for (Season2 s : Season2.values()) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        //2. valueOf()
        System.out.println(Season2.valueOf("WINTER1"));
        // 3. toString()
        System.out.println(spring.toString());
    }
}

enum Season2 {
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地");

    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    Season2(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

}

实现接口的枚举类

package org.example;


/**
 * 使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
 * 情况一：实现接口，在枚举类中实现抽象方法
 * 情况二：让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
 */
public class SeasonTest3 {

}

interface Info {
    void show();
}

enum Season3 implements Info {
    //情况二
    SPRING("春天", "春暖花开") {
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("这是春天");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎") {
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("这是夏天");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽") {
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("这是秋天");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地") {
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("这是冬天");
        }
    };

    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    Season3(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }

    //情况一
//    @Override
//    public void show() {
//        System.out.println("实现的show()方法");
//    }
}