如何自定义枚举类
- 类的对象只有有限个,确定的。如:
星期:Monday, Tuesday, …, Sunday.
季节:Spring, Summer, Autumn - 当需要定义一组常量的时,强烈建议使用枚举类。
- 如果枚举类中只有一个关键词,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。
jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类
package org.example;
public class SeasonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season spring = Season.SPRING;
System.out.println(spring);
}
}
//自定义枚举类
class Season {
//1. 声明Season对象的属性, 使用 private,final 修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//2. 私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//3. 提供当前枚举类的多个对象,public static final
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "冰天雪地");
//4. 其他诉求:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//5. 其他诉求,提供toString()方法
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
如何使用关键字enum定义枚举类
(jdk5.0之后)
package org.example;
/**
* 使用Enum关键字来定义枚举类
* 说明:定义的枚举类默认继承于java.lang.Enum类
*/
public class SeasonTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Season1.SPRING);
System.out.println(Season1.SUMMER);
System.out.println(Season1.AUTUMN);
System.out.println(Season1.WINTER);
System.out.println(Season1.WINTER.getSeasonName());
System.out.println(Season1.WINTER.getSeasonDesc());
}
}
enum Season1 {
//1. 提供当前枚举类的对象,多个对象之间用”,”隔开,末尾用“;“结束
//必须声明在一开始
SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地");
//2. 声明Season对象的属性, 使用 private,final 修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//3. 私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值,无需private声明
Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
//4. 其他诉求:获取枚举类对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//5. 继承Enum类的toString()方法
}
Enum类的使用
package org.example;
/**
* Enum类中的使用方法
* 1. values():返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便地遍历所有的枚举值。
* 2. valueOf(String name):返回枚举类中对象名为name的对象
* 如果没有对象名为name的对象则抛异常:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
* 3. toString():返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称。
*/
public class SeasonTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season2 spring = Season2.SPRING;
//1. values()
for (Season2 s : Season2.values()) {
System.out.println(s);
}
//2. valueOf()
System.out.println(Season2.valueOf("WINTER1"));
// 3. toString()
System.out.println(spring.toString());
}
}
enum Season2 {
SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地");
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
Season2(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
}
实现接口的枚举类
package org.example;
/**
* 使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
* 情况一:实现接口,在枚举类中实现抽象方法
* 情况二:让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
*/
public class SeasonTest3 {
}
interface Info {
void show();
}
enum Season3 implements Info {
//情况二
SPRING("春天", "春暖花开") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是春天");
}
},
SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是夏天");
}
},
AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是秋天");
}
},
WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地") {
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是冬天");
}
};
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
Season3(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
}
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//情况一
// @Override
// public void show() {
// System.out.println("实现的show()方法");
// }
}