网络编程

1. 网络编程概述

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2. 网络通信要素概述

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3. 通信要素1:IP和端口号

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package org.example;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * 一、网络编程中有两个主要问题:
 * 1. 如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机:定位主机上的特定的应用
 * 2. 找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输。
 *
 * 二、网络编程中的两个要素:
 * 1. 对应问题一:IP和端口号
 * 2. 对应问题二:提供网络通信协议:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)
 *
 * 三、通信要素一:IP和端口号
 * 1. IP:唯一的标识Internet上的计算机(通信实体)
 * 2. 在Java中使用InetAddress代表IP
 * 3. IP分类:IPv4和IPv6;万维网和局域网;
 * 4. 域名:www.baidu.com; www.mi.com
 * 5. 本地ip地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
 * 6. 如何实例化InetAddress: 两个方法:getByName(String host)、getLocalhost()
 * 两个常用方法:getHostName() / getHostAddress()
 *
 * 7.端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。
 * 要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
 * 范围:被规定为一个16位的整数:0~65535
 *
 *8. 端口号和IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
 * 
 * @author AmorFati
 * @create 2020/10/9 9:18
 */
public class InetAddressTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.0.1");
            System.out.println(inet1);///192.168.0.1
            InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
            System.out.println(inet2);//www.atguigu.com/125.37.206.221
            InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inet3);///127.0.0.1
            //获取本地ip
            InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inet4);//R7000/192.168.134.1

            System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());//www.atguigu.com
            System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());//125.37.206.221

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4. 通信要素2:网络协议

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5. TCP网络编程

5.1 客户端发送内容给服务端,服务端将内容打印到控制台上

package org.example;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 实现TCP的网络编程
 * 例子1:客户端返送信息给服务器端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上
 *
 * @author AmorFati
 * @create 2020/10/9 10:22
 */
public class TCPTest {
    @Test
    public void client() {
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
            InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            Socket socket = new Socket(inet, 8899);
            //2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //3. 写出数据的操作
            os.write("你好,我是客户端啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //资源的关闭
            try {
                if (os != null)
                    os.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void server() {
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
        try {
            //1. 创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
            ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
            //2. 调用accept()表示接受来自服务端的socket
            socket = ss.accept();
            //3. 获取输入流
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //4. 读取输入流的数据
            bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                bos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            System.out.println(bos.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (bos != null) {
                try {
                    bos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (ss != null) {
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}

2. 客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。

package org.example;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 2. 客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。
 *
 * @author AmorFati
 * @create 2020/10/9 10:45
 */
public class TCPTest2 {
    @Test
    public void client() {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        try {
            socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);

            os = socket.getOutputStream();

            fis = new FileInputStream("timg.jpg");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                os.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void server() {
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
            socket = ss.accept();

            is = socket.getInputStream();

            fos = new FileOutputStream("timg3.jpg");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (ss != null) {
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

3. 从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端,并关闭相应的连接。

package org.example;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端,并关闭相应的连接。
 * @author AmorFati
 * @create 2020/10/9 10:57
 */
public class TCPTest3 {
    @Test
    public void client() {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
        try {
            socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);

            os = socket.getOutputStream();

            fis = new FileInputStream("timg.jpg");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                os.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }

            //关闭数据输出
            socket.shutdownOutput();

            is = socket.getInputStream();
            bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer1 = new byte[5];
            int len1;
            while ((len1 = is.read(buffer1)) != -1) {
                bos.write(buffer1, 0, len1);
            }
            System.out.println(bos.toString());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bos != null) {
                try {
                    bos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void server() {
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
            socket = ss.accept();

            is = socket.getInputStream();

            fos = new FileOutputStream("timg3.jpg");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }

            // 服务器端反馈
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("收到图片".getBytes());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (ss != null) {
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

6. UDP网络编程

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package org.example;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;

/**
 * 1. UDP的网络编程
 * @author AmorFati
 * @create 2020/10/9 11:24
 */
public class UDPTest {

    @Test
    public void sender() throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        String str = "我是UDP";
        byte[] data = str.getBytes();
        InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, inet, 9090);
        socket.send(packet);

        socket.close();;


    }

    @Test
    public void receiver() throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);

        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));
    }
}

7. URL编程

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package org.example;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @author AmorFati
 * @create 2020/10/9 14:20
 */
public class URLTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom");
            urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            urlConnection.connect();
            is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
            fos = new FileOutputStream("timg4.jpg");
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (urlConnection != null)
                urlConnection.disconnect();
        }


    }
}

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