1. 网络编程概述
2. 网络通信要素概述
3. 通信要素1:IP和端口号
package org.example;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/**
* 一、网络编程中有两个主要问题:
* 1. 如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机:定位主机上的特定的应用
* 2. 找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输。
*
* 二、网络编程中的两个要素:
* 1. 对应问题一:IP和端口号
* 2. 对应问题二:提供网络通信协议:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)
*
* 三、通信要素一:IP和端口号
* 1. IP:唯一的标识Internet上的计算机(通信实体)
* 2. 在Java中使用InetAddress代表IP
* 3. IP分类:IPv4和IPv6;万维网和局域网;
* 4. 域名:www.baidu.com; www.mi.com
* 5. 本地ip地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
* 6. 如何实例化InetAddress: 两个方法:getByName(String host)、getLocalhost()
* 两个常用方法:getHostName() / getHostAddress()
*
* 7.端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。
* 要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
* 范围:被规定为一个16位的整数:0~65535
*
*8. 端口号和IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
*
* @author AmorFati
* @create 2020/10/9 9:18
*/
public class InetAddressTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.0.1");
System.out.println(inet1);///192.168.0.1
InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
System.out.println(inet2);//www.atguigu.com/125.37.206.221
InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inet3);///127.0.0.1
//获取本地ip
InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inet4);//R7000/192.168.134.1
System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());//www.atguigu.com
System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());//125.37.206.221
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4. 通信要素2:网络协议
5. TCP网络编程
5.1 客户端发送内容给服务端,服务端将内容打印到控制台上
package org.example;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 实现TCP的网络编程
* 例子1:客户端返送信息给服务器端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上
*
* @author AmorFati
* @create 2020/10/9 10:22
*/
public class TCPTest {
@Test
public void client() {
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
Socket socket = new Socket(inet, 8899);
//2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3. 写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//资源的关闭
try {
if (os != null)
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
try {
//1. 创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
//2. 调用accept()表示接受来自服务端的socket
socket = ss.accept();
//3. 获取输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
//4. 读取输入流的数据
bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
bos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(bos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (bos != null) {
try {
bos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
2. 客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。
package org.example;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 2. 客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。
*
* @author AmorFati
* @create 2020/10/9 10:45
*/
public class TCPTest2 {
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
FileInputStream fis = null;
try {
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
fis = new FileInputStream("timg.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fis != null) {
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
socket = ss.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
fos = new FileOutputStream("timg3.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fos != null) {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
3. 从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端,并关闭相应的连接。
package org.example;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端,并关闭相应的连接。
* @author AmorFati
* @create 2020/10/9 10:57
*/
public class TCPTest3 {
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
FileInputStream fis = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
try {
socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
fis = new FileInputStream("timg.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//关闭数据输出
socket.shutdownOutput();
is = socket.getInputStream();
bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer1 = new byte[5];
int len1;
while ((len1 = is.read(buffer1)) != -1) {
bos.write(buffer1, 0, len1);
}
System.out.println(bos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (bos != null) {
try {
bos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (fis != null) {
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
socket = ss.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
fos = new FileOutputStream("timg3.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 服务器端反馈
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("收到图片".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (fos != null) {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
6. UDP网络编程
package org.example;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
/**
* 1. UDP的网络编程
* @author AmorFati
* @create 2020/10/9 11:24
*/
public class UDPTest {
@Test
public void sender() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "我是UDP";
byte[] data = str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data, 0, data.length, inet, 9090);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();;
}
@Test
public void receiver() throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength()));
}
}
7. URL编程
package org.example;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @author AmorFati
* @create 2020/10/9 14:20
*/
public class URLTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
InputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom");
urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
urlConnection.connect();
is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
fos = new FileOutputStream("timg4.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fos != null) {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (urlConnection != null)
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}