数据库之Realm的简单使用：单表_增删改查_包含异步操作

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-09 13:48:45 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-09 13:48:45 发布

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分类专栏： Android之路文章标签： android Realm 异步增删改查

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/An_nAl/article/details/77935418

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学习参考网址：

1.【Android】Realm详解 - 简书 http://www.jianshu.com/p/37af717761cc
2.Realm Java 原理介绍以及常见问题 - 作业部落 Cmd Markdown 编辑阅读器 https://www.zybuluo.com/pockry/note/453560
3.Realm For Android详细教程 - RaphetS - 博客园 http://www.cnblogs.com/RaphetS/p/5996265.html

具体操作根据**Realm For Android详细教程 - RaphetS - 博客园 http://www.cnblogs.com/RaphetS/p/5996265.html**上面写的来弄的，但发现帖子有些些地方代码不是很全，所以又自行添了一些。

具体代码：

由于互动的数据被我固定了，又为了防止因为数据是固定的而发生异常，所以写了些异常捕获，只要添上互动的数据，功能没有任何问题，就可以不用写这些异常捕获了。

前期准备：

1.在project的gradle里添加classpath “io.realm:realm-gradle-plugin:2.2.1”：

buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.3.3'
        classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'

        classpath "io.realm:realm-gradle-plugin:2.2.1"
        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
        // in the individual module build.gradle files
    }
}

2.在APP的gradle里添加apply plugin: ‘realm-android’：

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.+'
    compile 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

    compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.0.1'
    apt 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.0.1'

    apply plugin: 'realm-android'
}

3.建立MyApplication：

public class MyApplication extends Application{

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();

        Realm.init(this);

        //默认配置
//        RealmConfiguration config = new RealmConfiguration.Builder().build();

        //自定义配置
        RealmConfiguration config = new  RealmConfiguration.Builder()
                .name("myRealm.realm")
                .deleteRealmIfMigrationNeeded()
                .build();
        Realm.setDefaultConfiguration(config);
    }
}

4.修改配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.xxx.realmdemo">

    <application
        android:name=".MyApplication"
       ...
        <activity android:name=".HomeActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        ...
    </application>

</manifest>

对象实体：

1.User：

/**
 * 创建实体
 */

public class User extends RealmObject {

    @PrimaryKey
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String email;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "student:id="+ id +" name=" + name +"email=" + email + "\n";
    }
}

非异步操作：

1.home_activity的布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center|top"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.xxx.realmdemo.HomeActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="right">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_asy_function"
            android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="异步操作" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_custom_add"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="增" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_custom_delete"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="删" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_custom_update"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="改" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_custom_query"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="查" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_show_result"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"/>
    </ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>

2.home_activity代码：

public class HomeActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @BindView(R.id.tv_custom_add)
    TextView tvCustomAdd;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_custom_delete)
    TextView tvCustomDelete;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_custom_update)
    TextView tvCustomUpdate;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_custom_query)
    TextView tvCustomQuery;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_show_result)
    TextView tvShowResult;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_asy_function)
    TextView tvAsyFunction;

    private int number = 1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_home);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
    }

    @OnClick({R.id.tv_custom_add, R.id.tv_custom_delete, R.id.tv_custom_update, R.id.tv_custom_query, R.id.tv_asy_function})
    public void onViewClicked(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.tv_custom_add:
                addObject();
                break;
            case R.id.tv_custom_delete:
                deleteObject();
                break;
            case R.id.tv_custom_update:
                updateObject();
                break;
            case R.id.tv_custom_query:
                queryAllObject();
                break;
            case R.id.tv_asy_function:
                Intent intent = new Intent( HomeActivity.this,ActAsyFunction.class);
                startActivity( intent);
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 增加
     */
    public void addObject() {
//        //实现方法一：事务操作
//        //类型一 ：新建一个对象，并进行存储
//        Realm realm=Realm.getDefaultInstance();
//        realm.beginTransaction();
//        User user = realm.createObject(User.class); // Create a new object
//        user.setName("John");
//        user.setEmail("john@corporation.com");
//        realm.commitTransaction();
//        //类型二：复制一个对象到Realm数据库
//        Realm realm=Realm.getDefaultInstance();
//        User user = new User("John");
//        user.setEmail("john@corporation.com");
//        realm.beginTransaction();
//        realm.copyToRealm(user);
//        realm.commitTransaction();

        //实现方法二：使用事务块
        Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
        final User user = new User();
        user.setEmail("john" + number + "@corporation.com");
        user.setId(String.valueOf(number));
        user.setName("John" + number);
        try{
            mRealm.executeTransaction(new Realm.Transaction() {
                @Override
                public void execute(Realm realm) {
                    realm.copyToRealm(user);
                    tvShowResult.setText(" 增加成功:" + user.toString());
                }
            });
        }catch (Exception e){
            number++;
            e.printStackTrace();
            tvShowResult.setText(" 增加失败");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除
     * 同样也可以使用同addObject函数的beginTransaction和commitTransaction方法进行删除
     */
    public void deleteObject() {
        final int positon = 1;
        Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
        final RealmResults<User> users = mRealm.where(User.class).findAll();
        try {
            mRealm.executeTransaction(new Realm.Transaction() {
                @Override
                public void execute(Realm realm) {
                    if (users.size() > 0) {
                        User user = users.get(positon);
                        String str = user.toString();
                        user.deleteFromRealm();
                        tvShowResult.setText("删除成功\n" + str);
//                    //删除第一个数据
//                    users.deleteFirstFromRealm();
//                    //删除最后一个数据
//                    users.deleteLastFromRealm();
//                    //删除位置为1的数据
//                    users.deleteFromRealm(1);
//                    //删除所有数据
//                    users.deleteAllFromRealm();
                    } else {
                        tvShowResult.setText("user表里无数据");
                    }
                }
            });
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            tvShowResult.setText("删除失败");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 修改
     */
    public void updateObject() {
       try{
           String id = "1";
           String newName = "玫玫";
           Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
           User user = mRealm.where(User.class).equalTo("id", id).findFirst();
           mRealm.beginTransaction();
           user.setName(newName);
           mRealm.commitTransaction();
           tvShowResult.setText("更新\n" + user.toString());
       }catch (Exception e){
           e.printStackTrace();
           tvShowResult.setText(" 更新失败");
       }
    }

    /**
     * 查询所有数据
     */
    public void queryAllObject() {
        Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
        RealmResults<User> users = mRealm.where(User.class).findAll();
        /**
         * 对查询结果，按Id进行排序，只能对查询结果进行排序
         */
//        //增序排列
//        users=users.sort("id");
        //降序排列
        users = users.sort("id", Sort.DESCENDING);
        String str = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < users.size(); i++) {
            User user = users.get( i);
            str = str + user.toString();
        }
        tvShowResult.setText("查询所有数据：\n" + str);
    }
    
}

异步操作

1.布局：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="15dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_asy_add"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="异步增" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_asy_delete"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="异步删" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_asy_update"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="异步改" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_asy_query"
            android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"
            android:text="异步查" />
    </LinearLayout>
    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_show_result"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="21sp"/>
    </ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>

2.acitivty代码：

public class ActAsyFunction extends AppCompatActivity {

    @BindView(R.id.tv_asy_add)
    TextView tvAsyAdd;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_asy_delete)
    TextView tvAsyDelete;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_asy_update)
    TextView tvAsyUpdate;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_asy_query)
    TextView tvAsyQuery;
    @BindView(R.id.tv_show_result)
    TextView tvShowResult;

    private RealmAsyncTask addTask;
    private RealmAsyncTask  deleteTask;
    private RealmAsyncTask  updateTask;
    private RealmResults<User> users;

    private int number = 1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_act_asyfunction);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
    }

    @OnClick({R.id.tv_asy_add, R.id.tv_asy_delete, R.id.tv_asy_update, R.id.tv_asy_query})
    public void onViewClicked(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.tv_asy_add:
                User user = new User();
                user.setEmail("john" + number + "@corporation.com");
                user.setId(String.valueOf(number));
                user.setName("John" + number);
                addUser( user );
                number++;
                break;
            case R.id.tv_asy_delete:
                String id = "1";
                deleteUser( id);
                break;
            case R.id.tv_asy_update:
                String Id = "2";
                String name = "玫玫";
                updateUser( name,Id  );
                break;
            case R.id.tv_asy_query:
                queryUser();
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 增加
     * @param user
     */
    private void addUser(final User user) {
        Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
        addTask=  mRealm.executeTransactionAsync(new Realm.Transaction() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Realm realm) {
                realm.copyToRealm(user);
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnSuccess() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess() {
                tvShowResult.setText( "增加成功" + user.toString());
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnError() {
            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable error) {
                tvShowResult.setText( "增加失败");
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 删除
     * @param id
     */
    private void deleteUser(final String id){
        Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
        final String[] str = {""};
        deleteTask=   mRealm.executeTransactionAsync(new Realm.Transaction() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Realm realm) {
                User user=realm.where(User.class).equalTo("id",id).findFirst();
                str[0] = user.toString();
                user.deleteFromRealm();
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnSuccess() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess() {
                tvShowResult.setText( "删除成功" + str[0] );
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnError() {
            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable error) {
                tvShowResult.setText( "删除失败" + str[0] );
            }
        });

    }

    /**
     * 修改
     * @param name
     * @param id
     */
    private void updateUser(final String name, final String id){
        Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
        final String[] oldStr = {""};
        final String[] newStr = {""};
        updateTask = mRealm.executeTransactionAsync(new Realm.Transaction() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Realm realm) {
                User user=realm.where(User.class).equalTo("id",id).findFirst();
                oldStr[0] = user.toString();
                user.setName(name);
                newStr[0] = user.toString();
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnSuccess() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess() {
                tvShowResult.setText( "旧信息:" + oldStr[0] + "\n修改成功\n" + newStr[0]);
            }
        }, new Realm.Transaction.OnError() {
            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable error) {
                tvShowResult.setText( "旧信息:" + oldStr[0] + "\n修改失败");
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 查询所有数据
     */
    private void queryUser(){
        final Realm mRealm = Realm.getDefaultInstance();
        users = mRealm.where(User.class).findAllAsync();
        users.addChangeListener(new RealmChangeListener<RealmResults<User>>() {
            @Override
            public void onChange(RealmResults<User> element) {
                element= element.sort("id");
                List<User> datas=mRealm.copyFromRealm(element);
                String str = "";
                for (int i = 0; i <datas.size(); i++) {
                    User user = datas.get( i);
                    str = str + user.toString();
                }
                tvShowResult.setText("查询所有数据：\n" + str);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (addTask != null && !addTask.isCancelled()){
            addTask.cancel();
        }
        if (deleteTask != null && !deleteTask.isCancelled()){
            deleteTask.cancel();
        }
        if (updateTask != null && !updateTask.isCancelled()){
            updateTask.cancel();
        }
        if( users != null){
            users.removeChangeListeners();
        }
    }

}