POST方式提交数据，一种众所周知的方式：
html页面中使用form表单提交，接收方式，使用Request.Form[""]或Request.QueryString[""]来获取。
这里介绍另外一种POST方式和接收方式，就是将整个数据作为加入到数据流中提交和接收
接收方式:
Stream s = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream; byte[] b = new byte[s.Length]; s.Read(b, 0, (int)s.Length); return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(b);
只需要从input Stream中读取byte数据，然后转为string，再解析即可。如果要回复响应消息只需要用：Response.Write() 输出即可（和普通的页面输出一样）。
HttpRequest类的对象用于服务器端，获取客户端传来的请求的信息，包括HTTP报文传送过来的所有信息。而HttpWebRequest用于客户端，拼接请求的HTTP报文并发送等。
HttpWebRequest这个类非常强大，强大的地方在于它封装了几乎HTTP请求报文里需要用到的东西，以致于能够能够发送任意的HTTP请求并获得服务器响应(Response)信息。采集信息常用到这个类。在学习这个类之前，首先有必要了解下HTTP方面的知识。
一、简单示例
我们先来一个最简单的，就是紧紧输入一个网址就获取响应。代码如下：
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create("http://www.baidu.com"); //创建一个请求示例
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); //获取响应，即发送请求
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);
string html = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
Console.WriteLine(html);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
OK，就是这么简单了，真的这么简单吗？发送一个HTTP请求真的这么简单。但是要做出很多功能就不简单了。你需要详细了解下HTTP方面的知识，比如HTTP请求报文之类的。
二、模拟登录
下面来个复杂点的，这次是获取登录之后的页面。登录之后的请求用什么实现呢？呵呵，用到是cookie。在拼接HTTP请求的时候，连着cookie也发送过去。
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
HttpHeader header = new HttpHeader();
header.accept = "image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-silverlight, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, application/x-silverlight-2-b1, */*";
header.contentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
header.method = "POST";
header.userAgent = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.648; .NET CLR 3.5.21022)";
header.maxTry = 300;
//在这里自己拼接一下Cookie，不用复制过来的那个GetCookie方法了，原来的那个写法还是比较严谨的
CookieContainer cc = new CookieContainer();
Cookie cUserName = new Cookie("cSpaceUserEmail", "742783833%40qq.com");
cUserName.Domain = ".7soyo.com";
Cookie cUserPassword = new Cookie("cSpaceUserPassWord", "4f270b36a4d3e5ee70b65b1778e8f793");
cUserPassword.Domain = ".7soyo.com";
cc.Add(cUserName);
cc.Add(cUserPassword);
string html = HTMLHelper.GetHtml("http://user.7soyo.com/CollectUser/List", cc, header);
FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"D:\123.txt",FileMode.CreateNew,FileAccess.ReadWrite);
fs.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(html),0,html.Length);
fs.Flush();
fs.Dispose();
Console.WriteLine(html);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
public class HTMLHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取CooKie
/// </summary>
/// <param name="loginUrl"></param>
/// <param name="postdata"></param>
/// <param name="header"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static CookieContainer GetCooKie(string loginUrl, string postdata, HttpHeader header)
{
HttpWebRequest request = null;
HttpWebResponse response = null;
try
{
CookieContainer cc = new CookieContainer();
request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(loginUrl);
request.Method = header.method;
request.ContentType = header.contentType;
byte[] postdatabyte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postdata); //提交的请求主体的内容
request.ContentLength = postdatabyte.Length; //提交的请求主体的长度
request.AllowAutoRedirect = false;
request.CookieContainer = cc;
request.KeepAlive = true;
//提交请求
Stream stream;
stream = request.GetRequestStream();
stream.Write(postdatabyte, 0, postdatabyte.Length); //带上请求主体
stream.Close();
//接收响应
response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); //正式发起请求
response.Cookies = request.CookieContainer.GetCookies(request.RequestUri);
CookieCollection cook = response.Cookies;
//Cookie字符串格式
string strcrook = request.CookieContainer.GetCookieHeader(request.RequestUri);
return cc;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取html
/// </summary>
/// <param name="getUrl"></param>
/// <param name="cookieContainer"></param>
/// <param name="header"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetHtml(string getUrl, CookieContainer cookieContainer, HttpHeader header)
{
Thread.Sleep(1000);
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = null;
HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = null;
try
{
httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(getUrl);
httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
httpWebRequest.ContentType = header.contentType;
httpWebRequest.ServicePoint.ConnectionLimit = header.maxTry;
httpWebRequest.Referer = getUrl;
httpWebRequest.Accept = header.accept;
httpWebRequest.UserAgent = header.userAgent;
httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
Stream responseStream = httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(responseStream, Encoding.UTF8);
string html = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
streamReader.Close();
responseStream.Close();
httpWebRequest.Abort();
httpWebResponse.Close();
return html;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
if (httpWebRequest != null) httpWebRequest.Abort();
if (httpWebResponse != null) httpWebResponse.Close();
return string.Empty;
}
}
}
public class HttpHeader
{
public string contentType { get; set; }
public string accept { get; set; }
public string userAgent { get; set; }
public string method { get; set; }
public int maxTry { get; set; }
}
}
这样获取到的就是登录之后的页面了。
三、模拟表单提交
再来一个例子，运用HttpWebRequest来模拟表单的提交，先新建一个MVC项目，里面只有这些代码：
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Index(string userName,string userPassword)
{
string str = "你提交过来的用户名是:" + userName + ",密码是: " + userPassword;
Response.Write(str);
return View();
}
然后启动该项目，再新建另外一个项目,用于模拟提交表单，然后注意路径填写的是刚才建的那个MVC项目。
static void Main(string[] args)
{
HttpWebRequest request = null;
HttpWebResponse response = null;
CookieContainer cc = new CookieContainer();
request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://localhost:2539/");
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:19.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/19.0";
string requestForm = "userName=1693372175&userPassword=123456"; //拼接Form表单里的信息
byte[] postdatabyte = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(requestForm);
request.ContentLength = postdatabyte.Length;
request.AllowAutoRedirect = false;
request.CookieContainer = cc;
request.KeepAlive = true;
Stream stream;
stream = request.GetRequestStream();
stream.Write(postdatabyte, 0, postdatabyte.Length); //设置请求主体的内容
stream.Close();
//接收响应
response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Console.WriteLine();
Stream stream1 = response.GetResponseStream();
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream1);
Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());
Console.ReadKey();
}
输出结果如下所示：
四、模拟上传
血的教训，注意路径不能写错，否则在对流进行操作时，Write，就会报错：
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://localhost:9170/upload/test");
客户端：
class Program
{
/**
* 如果要在客户端向服务器上传文件，我们就必须模拟一个POST multipart/form-data类型的请求
* Content-Type必须是multipart/form-data。
* 以multipart/form-data编码的POST请求格式与application/x-www-form-urlencoded完全不同
* multipart/form-data需要首先在HTTP请求头设置一个分隔符,例如7d4a6d158c9：
* 我们模拟的提交要设定 content-type不同于非含附件的post时候的content-type
* 这里需要： ("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=ABCD");
* 然后，将每个字段用“--7d4a6d158c9”分隔，最后一个“--7d4a6d158c9--”表示结束。
* 例如，要上传一个title字段"Today"和一个文件C:\1.txt，HTTP正文如下：
*
* --7d4a6d158c9
* Content-Disposition: form-data; name="title"
* \r\n\r\n
* Today
* --7d4a6d158c9
* Content-Disposition: form-data; name="1.txt"; filename="C:\1.txt"
* Content-Type: text/plain
* 如果是图片Content-Type: application/octet-stream
* \r\n\r\n
* <这里是1.txt文件的内容>
* --7d4a6d158c9
* \r\n
* 请注意，每一行都必须以\r\n结束value前面必须有2个\r\n，包括最后一行。
*/
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string boundary = "----------" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");//元素分割标记
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.Append("--" + boundary);
sb.Append("\r\n");
sb.Append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file1\"; filename=\"D:\\upload.xml" + "\"");
sb.Append("\r\n");
sb.Append("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
sb.Append("\r\n");
sb.Append("\r\n");//value前面必须有2个换行
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://localhost:9170/upload/test");
request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;//其他地方的boundary要比这里多--
request.Method = "POST";
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(@"D:\123.xml", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Read);
byte[] postHeaderBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sb.ToString());
byte[] boundaryBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "\r\n");
//http请求总长度
request.ContentLength = postHeaderBytes.Length + fileStream.Length + boundaryBytes.Length;
Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream();
requestStream.Write(postHeaderBytes, 0, postHeaderBytes.Length);
byte[] buffer = new Byte[checked((uint)Math.Min(4096, (int)fileStream.Length))];
int bytesRead = 0;
while ((bytesRead = fileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
{
requestStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
}
fileStream.Dispose();
requestStream.Write(boundaryBytes, 0, boundaryBytes.Length);
WebResponse webResponse2 = request.GetResponse();
Stream htmlStream = webResponse2.GetResponseStream();
string HTML = GetHtml(htmlStream, "UTF-8");
Console.WriteLine(HTML);
htmlStream.Dispose();
}
}
测试服务器端地址：
public ActionResult Test()
{
HttpRequest request = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request;
HttpFileCollection FileCollect = request.Files;
if (FileCollect.Count > 0) //如果集合的数量大于0
{
foreach (string str in FileCollect)
{
HttpPostedFile FileSave = FileCollect[str]; //用key获取单个文件对象HttpPostedFile
string imgName = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddhhmmss");
string AbsolutePath = FileSave.FileName;
FileSave.SaveAs(AbsolutePath); //将上传的东西保存
}
}
return Content("键值对数目：" + FileCollect.Count);
}
参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kissdodog/archive/2013/04/06/3002779.html
http://blog.csdn.net/youaregoo/article/details/8780709
本文实例讲述了C#中HttpWebRequest的用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：
HttpWebRequest类主要利用HTTP 协议和服务器交互，通常是通过 GET 和 POST 两种方式来对数据进行获取和提交。下面对这两种方式进行一下说明：
GET 方式：
GET 方式通过在网络地址附加参数来完成数据的提交，比如在地址 http://www.jb51.net/?hl=zh-CN 中，前面部分 http://www.jb51.net表示数据提交的网址，后面部分 hl=zh-CN 表示附加的参数，其中 hl 表示一个键(key)， zh-CN 表示这个键对应的值(value)。
程序代码如下：
req.Method = "GET";
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
使用 GET 方式提交中文数据。
GET 方式通过在网络地址中附加参数来完成数据提交，对于中文的编码，常用的有 gb2312 和 utf8 两种。
用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：
string address = "http://www.jb51.net/?" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding);
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(address);
req.Method = "GET";
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
在上面的程序代码中，我们以 GET 方式访问了网址 http://www.jb51.net ，传递了参数“参数一=值一”，由于无法告知对方提交数据的编码类型，所以编码方式要以对方的网站为标准。
POST 方式：
POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，参数的格式和 GET 方式一样，是类似于 hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1 这样的结构。
程序代码如下：
byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param);
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.jb51.net/" );
req.Method = "POST";
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
req.ContentLength = bs.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);
}
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
在上面的代码中，我们访问了 http://www.jb51.net 的网址，分别以 GET 和 POST 方式提交了数据，并接收了返回的页面内容。然而，如果提交的参数中含有中文，那么这样的处理是不够的，需要对其进行编码，让对方网站能够识别。
使用 POST 方式提交中文数据
POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，由于提交的参数中可以说明使用的编码方式，所以理论上能获得更大的兼容性。
用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：
string param = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding) + "&" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数二", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值二", myEncoding);
byte[] postBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param);
HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.jb51.net/" );
req.Method = "POST";
req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gb2312";
req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
{
reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);
}
using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())
{
//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
}
从上面的代码可以看出， POST 中文数据的时候，先使用 UrlEncode 方法将中文字符转换为编码后的 ASCII 码，然后提交到服务器，提交的时候可以说明编码的方式，用来使对方服务器能够正确的解析。
用C#语言写的关于HttpWebRequest 类的使用方法
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
namespace HttpWeb
{
/// <summary>
/// Http操作类
/// </summary>
public static class httptest
{
/// <summary>
/// 获取网址HTML
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL)
{
WebRequest wrt;
wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);
wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
WebResponse wrp;
wrp = wrt.GetResponse();
string reader = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();
try
{
wrt.GetResponse().Close();
}
catch (WebException ex)
{
throw ex;
}
return reader;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取网站cookie
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL, out string cookie)
{
WebRequest wrt;
wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);
wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
WebResponse wrp;
wrp = wrt.GetResponse();
string html = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();
try
{
wrt.GetResponse().Close();
}
catch (WebException ex)
{
throw ex;
}
cookie = wrp.Headers.Get("Set-Cookie");
return html;
}
public static string GetHtml(string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header, string server)
{
return GetHtml(server, URL, postData, cookie, out header);
}
public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header)
{
byte[] byteRequest = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(postData);
return GetHtml(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);
}
public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)
{
byte[] bytes = GetHtmlByBytes(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);
Stream getStream = new MemoryStream(bytes);
StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));
string getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
streamReader.Close();
getStream.Close();
return getString;
}
/// <summary>
/// Post模式浏览
/// </summary>
/// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <param name="byteRequest">流 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie </param>
/// <param name="header">句柄 </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static byte[] GetHtmlByBytes(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)
{
long contentLength;
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;
HttpWebResponse webResponse;
Stream getStream;
httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();
co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);
httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;
httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
httpWebRequest.Accept =
"image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*";
httpWebRequest.Referer = server;
httpWebRequest.UserAgent =
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";
httpWebRequest.Method = "Post";
httpWebRequest.ContentLength = byteRequest.Length;
Stream stream;
stream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream();
stream.Write(byteRequest, 0, byteRequest.Length);
stream.Close();
webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();
getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();
contentLength = webResponse.ContentLength;
byte[] outBytes = new byte[contentLength];
outBytes = ReadFully(getStream);
getStream.Close();
return outBytes;
}
public static byte[] ReadFully(Stream stream)
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[128];
using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
{
while (true)
{
int read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
if (read <= 0)
return ms.ToArray();
ms.Write(buffer, 0, read);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Get模式
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">网址 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookies </param>
/// <param name="header">句柄 </param>
/// <param name="server">服务器 </param>
/// <param name="val">服务器 </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server)
{
return GetHtml(URL, cookie, out header, server, "");
}
/// <summary>
/// Get模式浏览
/// </summary>
/// <param name="URL">Get网址 </param>
/// <param name="cookie">cookie </param>
/// <param name="header">句柄 </param>
/// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param>
/// <param name="val"> </param>
/// <returns> </returns>
public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server, string val)
{
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;
HttpWebResponse webResponse;
Stream getStream;
StreamReader streamReader;
string getString = "";
httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);
httpWebRequest.Accept = "*/*";
httpWebRequest.Referer = server;
CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();
co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);
httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;
httpWebRequest.UserAgent =
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";
httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();
getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();
streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));
getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
streamReader.Close();
getStream.Close();
return getString;
}
}
}
237
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
