C#实现字符串RSA加密与解密算法

    利用C#的加密库，实现RSA加密算法还是很容易的，因为我只是初步了解这个加密算法，据说是目前非对称加密中比较优秀的加密算法了，如银行什么的都在在RSA1024 RSA2048 RSA4096之类，后面的数字，我想，越大，越复杂，破解也越困难吧。。

        RSA加密也很复杂，把几位数加密后，变成了很大的字符串（一般为十六进制字符串），当然也可以使用BASE64处理一下，因为加密后的数值，有可能不是可以显示的字符。

主要的加密算法如下：

（1）加密类：网上找来的，能用。。

[csharp] view plain copy

print ?

1. using System;  
2. using System.Collections.Generic;  
3. using System.Text;  
4. using System.Security.Cryptography;  
5. using System.IO;  
6. using System.Xml;  
7.   
8. namespace RSA_V1  
9. {  
10.     class RSAUtil  
11.     {  
12.         public void CreateRSAKey()  
13.         {  
14.   
15.             RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();  
16.             RSAParameters keys = rsa.ExportParameters(true);  
17.             String pkxml = "<root>\n<Modulus>" + ToHexString(keys.Modulus) + "</Modulus>";  
18.             pkxml += "\n<Exponent>" + ToHexString(keys.Exponent) + "</Exponent>\n</root>";  
19.             String psxml = "<root>\n<Modulus>" + ToHexString(keys.Modulus) + "</Modulus>";  
20.             psxml += "\n<Exponent>" + ToHexString(keys.Exponent) + "</Exponent>";  
21.             psxml += "\n<D>" + ToHexString(keys.D) + "</D>";  
22.             psxml += "\n<DP>" + ToHexString(keys.DP) + "</DP>";  
23.             psxml += "\n<P>" + ToHexString(keys.P) + "</P>";  
24.             psxml += "\n<Q>" + ToHexString(keys.Q) + "</Q>";  
25.             psxml += "\n<DQ>" + ToHexString(keys.DQ) + "</DQ>";  
26.             psxml += "\n<InverseQ>" + ToHexString(keys.InverseQ) + "</InverseQ>\n</root>";  
27.   
28.             SaveToFile("publickey.xml", pkxml);  
29.             SaveToFile("privatekey.xml", psxml);  
30.   
31.         }  
32.         public RSACryptoServiceProvider CreateRSADEEncryptProvider(String privateKeyFile)  
33.         {  
34.             RSAParameters parameters1;  
35.             parameters1 = new RSAParameters();  
36.             StreamReader reader1 = new StreamReader(privateKeyFile);  
37.             XmlDocument document1 = new XmlDocument();  
38.             document1.LoadXml(reader1.ReadToEnd());  
39.             XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)document1.SelectSingleNode("root");  
40.             parameters1.Modulus = ReadChild(element1, "Modulus");  
41.             parameters1.Exponent = ReadChild(element1, "Exponent");  
42.             parameters1.D = ReadChild(element1, "D");  
43.             parameters1.DP = ReadChild(element1, "DP");  
44.             parameters1.DQ = ReadChild(element1, "DQ");  
45.             parameters1.P = ReadChild(element1, "P");  
46.             parameters1.Q = ReadChild(element1, "Q");  
47.             parameters1.InverseQ = ReadChild(element1, "InverseQ");  
48.             CspParameters parameters2 = new CspParameters();  
49.             parameters2.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore;  
50.             RSACryptoServiceProvider provider1 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(parameters2);  
51.             provider1.ImportParameters(parameters1);  
52.             reader1.Close();  
53.             return provider1;  
54.         }  
55.         public RSACryptoServiceProvider CreateRSAEncryptProvider(String publicKeyFile)  
56.         {  
57.             RSAParameters parameters1;  
58.             parameters1 = new RSAParameters();  
59.             StreamReader reader1 = new StreamReader(publicKeyFile);  
60.             XmlDocument document1 = new XmlDocument();  
61.             document1.LoadXml(reader1.ReadToEnd());  
62.             XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)document1.SelectSingleNode("root");  
63.             parameters1.Modulus = ReadChild(element1, "Modulus");  
64.             parameters1.Exponent = ReadChild(element1, "Exponent");  
65.             CspParameters parameters2 = new CspParameters();  
66.             parameters2.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore;  
67.             RSACryptoServiceProvider provider1 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(parameters2);  
68.             provider1.ImportParameters(parameters1);  
69.             reader1.Close();  
70.             return provider1;  
71.         }  
72.   
73.         public byte[] ReadChild(XmlElement parent, string name)  
74.         {  
75.             XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)parent.SelectSingleNode(name);  
76.             return hexToBytes(element1.InnerText);  
77.         }  
78.   
79.         public string ToHexString(byte[] bytes) // 0xae00cf => "AE00CF "  
80.         {  
81.             string hexString = string.Empty;  
82.             if (bytes != null)  
83.             {  
84.                 StringBuilder strB = new StringBuilder();  
85.   
86.                 for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)  
87.                 {  
88.                     strB.Append(bytes[i].ToString("X2"));  
89.                 }  
90.                 hexString = strB.ToString();  
91.             }  
92.             return hexString;  
93.         }  
94.         public byte[] hexToBytes(String src)  
95.         {  
96.             int l = src.Length / 2;  
97.             String str;  
98.             byte[] ret = new byte[l];  
99.   
100.             for (int i = 0; i < l; i++)  
101.             {  
102.                 str = src.Substring(i * 2, 2);  
103.                 ret[i] = Convert.ToByte(str, 16);  
104.             }  
105.             return ret;  
106.         }  
107.   
108.         public void SaveToFile(String filename, String data)  
109.         {  
110.             System.IO.StreamWriter sw = System.IO.File.CreateText(filename);  
111.             sw.WriteLine(data);  
112.             sw.Close();  
113.         }  
114.   
115.         public string EnCrypt(string str)  
116.         {  
117.             RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaencrype = CreateRSAEncryptProvider("publickey.xml");  
118.             String text = str;  
119.             byte[] data = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(text);  
120.             byte[] endata = rsaencrype.Encrypt(data, true);  
121.             return ToHexString(endata);  
122.         }  
123.   
124.         public string DoEncrypt(string hexstr)  
125.         {  
126.             RSACryptoServiceProvider rsadeencrypt = CreateRSADEEncryptProvider("privatekey.xml");  
127.   
128.             byte[] miwen = hexToBytes(hexstr);  
129.   
130.             byte[] dedata = rsadeencrypt.Decrypt(miwen, true);  
131.   
132.             return System.Text.UnicodeEncoding.Unicode.GetString(dedata);  
133.         }  
134.     }  
135. }  

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;

namespace RSA_V1
{
    class RSAUtil
    {
        public void CreateRSAKey()
        {

            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
            RSAParameters keys = rsa.ExportParameters(true);
            String pkxml = "<root>\n<Modulus>" + ToHexString(keys.Modulus) + "</Modulus>";
            pkxml += "\n<Exponent>" + ToHexString(keys.Exponent) + "</Exponent>\n</root>";
            String psxml = "<root>\n<Modulus>" + ToHexString(keys.Modulus) + "</Modulus>";
            psxml += "\n<Exponent>" + ToHexString(keys.Exponent) + "</Exponent>";
            psxml += "\n<D>" + ToHexString(keys.D) + "</D>";
            psxml += "\n<DP>" + ToHexString(keys.DP) + "</DP>";
            psxml += "\n<P>" + ToHexString(keys.P) + "</P>";
            psxml += "\n<Q>" + ToHexString(keys.Q) + "</Q>";
            psxml += "\n<DQ>" + ToHexString(keys.DQ) + "</DQ>";
            psxml += "\n<InverseQ>" + ToHexString(keys.InverseQ) + "</InverseQ>\n</root>";

            SaveToFile("publickey.xml", pkxml);
            SaveToFile("privatekey.xml", psxml);

        }
        public RSACryptoServiceProvider CreateRSADEEncryptProvider(String privateKeyFile)
        {
            RSAParameters parameters1;
            parameters1 = new RSAParameters();
            StreamReader reader1 = new StreamReader(privateKeyFile);
            XmlDocument document1 = new XmlDocument();
            document1.LoadXml(reader1.ReadToEnd());
            XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)document1.SelectSingleNode("root");
            parameters1.Modulus = ReadChild(element1, "Modulus");
            parameters1.Exponent = ReadChild(element1, "Exponent");
            parameters1.D = ReadChild(element1, "D");
            parameters1.DP = ReadChild(element1, "DP");
            parameters1.DQ = ReadChild(element1, "DQ");
            parameters1.P = ReadChild(element1, "P");
            parameters1.Q = ReadChild(element1, "Q");
            parameters1.InverseQ = ReadChild(element1, "InverseQ");
            CspParameters parameters2 = new CspParameters();
            parameters2.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore;
            RSACryptoServiceProvider provider1 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(parameters2);
            provider1.ImportParameters(parameters1);
            reader1.Close();
            return provider1;
        }
        public RSACryptoServiceProvider CreateRSAEncryptProvider(String publicKeyFile)
        {
            RSAParameters parameters1;
            parameters1 = new RSAParameters();
            StreamReader reader1 = new StreamReader(publicKeyFile);
            XmlDocument document1 = new XmlDocument();
            document1.LoadXml(reader1.ReadToEnd());
            XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)document1.SelectSingleNode("root");
            parameters1.Modulus = ReadChild(element1, "Modulus");
            parameters1.Exponent = ReadChild(element1, "Exponent");
            CspParameters parameters2 = new CspParameters();
            parameters2.Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore;
            RSACryptoServiceProvider provider1 = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(parameters2);
            provider1.ImportParameters(parameters1);
            reader1.Close();
            return provider1;
        }

        public byte[] ReadChild(XmlElement parent, string name)
        {
            XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)parent.SelectSingleNode(name);
            return hexToBytes(element1.InnerText);
        }

        public string ToHexString(byte[] bytes) // 0xae00cf => "AE00CF "
        {
            string hexString = string.Empty;
            if (bytes != null)
            {
                StringBuilder strB = new StringBuilder();

                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
                {
                    strB.Append(bytes[i].ToString("X2"));
                }
                hexString = strB.ToString();
            }
            return hexString;
        }
        public byte[] hexToBytes(String src)
        {
            int l = src.Length / 2;
            String str;
            byte[] ret = new byte[l];

            for (int i = 0; i < l; i++)
            {
                str = src.Substring(i * 2, 2);
                ret[i] = Convert.ToByte(str, 16);
            }
            return ret;
        }

        public void SaveToFile(String filename, String data)
        {
            System.IO.StreamWriter sw = System.IO.File.CreateText(filename);
            sw.WriteLine(data);
            sw.Close();
        }

        public string EnCrypt(string str)
        {
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaencrype = CreateRSAEncryptProvider("publickey.xml");
            String text = str;
            byte[] data = new UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(text);
            byte[] endata = rsaencrype.Encrypt(data, true);
            return ToHexString(endata);
        }

        public string DoEncrypt(string hexstr)
        {
            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsadeencrypt = CreateRSADEEncryptProvider("privatekey.xml");

            byte[] miwen = hexToBytes(hexstr);

            byte[] dedata = rsadeencrypt.Decrypt(miwen, true);

            return System.Text.UnicodeEncoding.Unicode.GetString(dedata);
        }
    }
}

（2）WinForm实现，我不太喜欢控制台的程序，其实有界面的软件才更美观。

实现起来很容易。代码如下：

[csharp] view plain copy

print ?

1. using System;  
2. using System.Collections.Generic;  
3. using System.ComponentModel;  
4. using System.Data;  
5. using System.Drawing;  
6. using System.Linq;  
7. using System.Text;  
8. using System.Threading.Tasks;  
9. using System.Windows.Forms;  
10. using System.Security.Cryptography;  
11. using System.Xml;  
12. using System.IO;  
13.   
14.   
15.   
16. namespace RSA_V1  
17. {  
18.     public partial class RSA_Frm : Form  
19.     {  
20.         RSAUtil rsa = new RSAUtil();  
21.   
22.         public RSA_Frm()  
23.         {  
24.             InitializeComponent();  
25.         }  
26.   
27.         private void btn_Encrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
28.         {  
29.             txt_DST.Text = rsa.EnCrypt(txt_SRC.Text);  
30.         }  
31.   
32.         private void btn_Decrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
33.         {  
34.             txt_SRC.Text = rsa.DoEncrypt(txt_DST.Text);  
35.         }  
36.   
37.         private void RSA_Frm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)  
38.         {  
39.             New_Key();            
40.         }  
41.   
42.         private void btn_NewKey_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
43.         {  
44.             New_Key();  
45.         }  
46.   
47.         private void New_Key()  
48.         {  
49.            rsa.CreateRSAKey();  
50.             StreamReader reader1 = new StreamReader("privatekey.xml");  
51.             XmlDocument document1 = new XmlDocument();  
52.             document1.LoadXml(reader1.ReadToEnd());  
53.             XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)document1.SelectSingleNode("root");  
54.             //parameters1.Modulus = ReadChild(element1, "Modulus");  
55.             txt_RSA_E.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "Exponent"));  
56.             txt_RSA_D.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "D"));  
57.             txt_RSA_Q.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "Q"));  
58.             txt_RSA_P.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "P"));  
59.             //parameters1.DP = ReadChild(element1, "DP");  
60.             //parameters1.DQ = ReadChild(element1, "DQ");  
61.             //parameters1.P = ReadChild(element1, "P");  
62.             //parameters1.Q = ReadChild(element1, "Q");  
63.             //parameters1.InverseQ = ReadChild(element1, "InverseQ");  
64.             reader1.Close();  
65.         }  
66.     }  
67. }  

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Xml;
using System.IO;



namespace RSA_V1
{
    public partial class RSA_Frm : Form
    {
        RSAUtil rsa = new RSAUtil();

        public RSA_Frm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btn_Encrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            txt_DST.Text = rsa.EnCrypt(txt_SRC.Text);
        }

        private void btn_Decrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            txt_SRC.Text = rsa.DoEncrypt(txt_DST.Text);
        }

        private void RSA_Frm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            New_Key();          
        }

        private void btn_NewKey_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            New_Key();
        }

        private void New_Key()
        {
           rsa.CreateRSAKey();
            StreamReader reader1 = new StreamReader("privatekey.xml");
            XmlDocument document1 = new XmlDocument();
            document1.LoadXml(reader1.ReadToEnd());
            XmlElement element1 = (XmlElement)document1.SelectSingleNode("root");
            //parameters1.Modulus = ReadChild(element1, "Modulus");
            txt_RSA_E.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "Exponent"));
            txt_RSA_D.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "D"));
            txt_RSA_Q.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "Q"));
            txt_RSA_P.Text = rsa.ToHexString(rsa.ReadChild(element1, "P"));
            //parameters1.DP = ReadChild(element1, "DP");
            //parameters1.DQ = ReadChild(element1, "DQ");
            //parameters1.P = ReadChild(element1, "P");
            //parameters1.Q = ReadChild(element1, "Q");
            //parameters1.InverseQ = ReadChild(element1, "InverseQ");
            reader1.Close();
        }
    }
}

运行的效果如下：

            目前只是使用C#自带的功能，如生成密钥对等，还不支持自己定义的密钥对，打算有时间继续完善一下。RSA是大数模运算架起来的，这个倒底安不安全不敢说。

总之，同一个字符串，加密后有N多种的密文，每一个密文，都可以通过私钥得到正确的解密。一把锁，有几把钥匙，这本身不太安全吧。

         我觉得如果研究一下同一字符串 公钥相同的情况下，得到不同的密文，这些密文有什么关系呢？有时间可以先用小的素数进行测试一下。大整数，大素数的模幂运算，是RSA加密与解密的基础，以后有时间，多了解！

工程测试源码下载：点击打开链接