Callable与Runnable接口对比
Future接口
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
@Slf4j
public class FutureExample {
static class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
log.info("do something in callable");
Thread.sleep(5000);
return "Done";
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Future<String> future = executorService.submit(new MyCallable());
log.info("do something in main");
//Thread.sleep(10000);
log.info("这里不阻塞,可以继续异步执行");
String result = future.get(); //get方法会发生阻塞,如果判断任务是否执行完成使用isDone()方法
log.info("result:{}", result);
}
}
注释掉25行
22:17:05.399 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - do something in main
22:17:05.403 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - 这里不阻塞,可以继续异步执行
22:17:05.407 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - do something in callable
22:17:10.408 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - result:Done
打开25行
22:20:54.836 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - do something in main
22:20:54.839 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - do something in callable
22:21:04.839 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - 这里不阻塞,可以继续异步执行
22:21:04.839 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureExample - result:Done
FutureTask
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
@Slf4j
public class FutureTaskExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<String>(new Callable<String>() {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
log.info("do something in callable");
Thread.sleep(5000);
return "Done";
}
});
new Thread(futureTask).start();
log.info("do something in main");
Thread.sleep(1000);
String result = futureTask.get();
log.info("result:{}", result);
}
}
22:18:55.251 [Thread-0] INFO com.example.demo.FutureTaskExample - do something in callable
22:18:55.251 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureTaskExample - do something in main
22:19:00.254 [main] INFO com.example.demo.FutureTaskExample - result:Done
使用场景
在网上进行购物的时候,当看中某一件商品时,就可以提交订单,当订单处理完毕,便可以在家里等待商品送货上门,卖家根据订单从库房里取货,并配送到客户手中,客户可以在提交订单完毕继续做自己的工作,不必一直等待商品配送到手里。
模拟一段长时间任务
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
public class RealData implements Callable<String> {
private String para;
public RealData(String para){
this.para=para;
}
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
sb.append(para);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
模拟主任务
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
//构造FutureTask
FutureTask<String> future = new FutureTask<String>(new RealData("a"));
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
//执行FutureTask,相当于上例中的 client.request("a") 发送请求
//在这里开启线程进行RealData的call()执行
executor.submit(future);
System.out.println("请求完毕");
try {
//这里依然可以做额外的数据操作,这里使用sleep代替其他业务逻辑的处理
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
//相当于上例中得data.getContent(),取得call()方法的返回值
//如果此时call()方法没有执行完成,则依然会等待
System.out.println("数据 = " + future.get());
}
}
我们可以看出,主任务在做长时间等待的子任务的时候,不需要再那里一直死等,而是可以继续做自己的工作,当线程执行完毕的时候,通过FutureTask的get方法获取到子任务的返回值即可。
ForkJoin
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveTask;
@Slf4j
public class ForkJoinTaskExample extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
public static final int threshold = 2;
private int start;
private int end;
public ForkJoinTaskExample(int start, int end) {
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
}
@Override
protected Integer compute() {
int sum = 0;
//如果任务足够小就计算任务
boolean canCompute = (end - start) <= threshold;
if (canCompute) {
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
sum += i;
}
} else {
// 如果任务大于阈值,就分裂成两个子任务计算
int middle = (start + end) / 2;
ForkJoinTaskExample leftTask = new ForkJoinTaskExample(start, middle);
ForkJoinTaskExample rightTask = new ForkJoinTaskExample(middle + 1, end);
// 执行子任务
leftTask.fork();
rightTask.fork();
// 等待任务执行结束合并其结果
int leftResult = leftTask.join();
int rightResult = rightTask.join();
// 合并子任务
sum = leftResult + rightResult;
}
return sum;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ForkJoinPool forkjoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();
//生成一个计算任务,计算1+2+3+4
ForkJoinTaskExample task = new ForkJoinTaskExample(1, 100);
//执行一个任务
Future<Integer> result = forkjoinPool.submit(task);
try {
log.info("result:{}", result.get());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
}
}