C++ primer plus 课后练习题

第七章：函数——C++的编程模块

        一、复习题

        1. 第一，声明函数原型；第二，定义函数；第三，调用函数

        2. a. void igor();

            b. float tofu(int);

            c. double mpg(double,double);

            d. long summation(long [],int);

            e. double doctor(const char*);

            f. void ofcourse(boss);

            g. char* plot(map*);

        3. void func(int arr[],int len,int n){

                        for(int i = 0; i < len; i++){

                                arr[i] = n;

                        }

                }

        4. void func(int* begin,int* end,int n){

                        for(;begin != end;begin++){

                                *begin = n;

                        }

                }

        5. double func(const double arr[],int len){

                        int max = arr[0];

                        for(int i = 1;i<len;i++){

                                max = max < arr[i] ? arr[i] : max;

                        }

                        return max;

                }

        6. 因为函数参数为基本类型时，函数中形参的修改并不会影响实参，所以const在此时并无太大意义。

        7. char str[10] ; char * ; 

        8. {  int i = 0;

                int count = 0;

                while(str[i] != '\0'){

                        if(str[i] == c1){

                                str[i] = c2;

                                count++;

                        }

                }

                return count;

             }

        9. 字符p；一个存放两个字符指针的数组

        10.(struct glitz);(struct* glitz);传址的效率更高，但同时会带来修改原结构的风险。

        11.int judge(int (*)(const char*));

        12.a. void func(applicant a){

                        cout << a.name << endl;

                        for(int i = 0;i < 3;i++){

                                cout << a.credit_ratings[i] << endl;

                        }

                }

            b. void func(applicant* a){

                        cout << a->name << endl;

                        for(int i = 0;i < 3;i++){

                                cout << a->credit_ratings[i] << endl;

                        }

                }

        13.typedef void (*p)(applicant*) p_f1;

             typedef const char* (*p)(const applicant*,const applicant*) p_f2;

             p_f1 p1 = f1;

             p_f2 p2 = f2;

             p_f1 ap[5];

             p_f2 (*pa)[10];

        二、编程练习

        1.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

double avg(double, double);

int main() {
    cout << "Enter 2 nums (0 to quit)" << endl;
    double x, y;
    while (cin >> x >> y) {
        if (x != 0 && y != 0) {
            cout << "the avg is " << avg(x, y) << endl;
        } else {
            break;
        }
        cout << "Enter 2 nums (0 to quit)" << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

double avg(double x, double y) {
    return 2 * x * y / (x + y);
}

        2.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int Size = 10;

int enter(int arr[]) {
    int i = 0;
    cout << "Enter #1: ";
    while (cin >> arr[i] && i < Size) {
        cout << "Enter #" << (++i + 1) << ": ";
    }
    return i;
}

void show(int arr[], int len) {
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << endl;
    }
}

double avg(int arr[], int len) {
    double avg;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        avg += (double) arr[i] / len;
    }
    return avg;
}

int main() {
    int score[Size];
    int len = enter(score);
    show(score, len);
    cout << avg(score, len) << endl;
    return 0;
}

        3.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct box {
    char maker[40];
    float height;
    float width;
    float length;
    float volume;
};

void show(box b) {
    cout << b.maker << endl;
    cout << b.height << endl;
    cout << b.width << endl;
    cout << b.length << endl;
    cout << b.volume << endl;
}

void set(box *pb) {
    pb->volume = pb->length * pb->width * pb->height;
}

int main() {
    box b = {"David", 10, 20, 30};
    show(b);
    set(&b);
    show(b);
    return 0;
}

        4.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

long double cal(unsigned num, unsigned pick) {
    long double res = 1.0;
    long double n = num;
    unsigned p = pick;
    for (; p > 0; p--, n--) {
        res *= n / p;
    }
    return res;
}

int main() {
    double total, choices;
    cout << "Enter the total number of the 1st time and the num you pick";
    while (cin >> total >> choices && choices <= total) {
        cout << "the probability is " << cal(total, choices) << endl;
        cout << "Enter the total number of the 2nd time";
        if (cin >> total) {
            cout << "the probability is " << cal(total, 1) << endl;
        }
        cout << "Enter the total number of the 1st time and the num you pick";
    }
    return 0;
}

        5.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int fac(int num) {
    if (num > 1) {
        return num * fac(num - 1);
    }
    return 1;
}

int main() {
    cout << "Enter a num plz : ";
    int num;
    cin >> num;
    cout << num << "! = " << fac(num) << endl;
}

        6.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int Size = 10;

int Fill_array(double arr[], int len) {
    int i = 0;
    cout << "Enter #1: ";
    while (cin >> arr[i] && i < len) {
        cout << "Enter #" << (++i + 1) << ": ";
    }
    return i;
}

void Show_array(double arr[], int len) {
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << endl;
    }
}

void Reverse_array(double arr[], int len) {
    if (len % 2 == 0) {
        for (int i = 1; i < len / 2; i++) {
            double temp = arr[i];
            arr[i] = arr[len - i - 1];
            arr[len - i - 1] = temp;
        }
    } else {
        for (int i = 1; i < (len - 1) / 2; i++) {
            double temp = arr[i];
            arr[i] = arr[len - i - 1];
            arr[len - i - 1] = temp;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    double arr[Size];
    int len = Fill_array(arr, Size);
    Show_array(arr, len);
    Reverse_array(arr, len);
    Show_array(arr, len);
    return 0;
}

        7.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int Size = 10;

double *Fill_array(double arr[], double *len) {
    int i = 0;
    cout << "Enter #1: ";
    while (cin >> arr[i] && arr + i != len) {
        cout << "Enter #" << (++i + 1) << ": ";
    }
    return arr + i;
}

void Show_array(double arr[], double *len) {
    for (int i = 0; arr + i != len; i++) {
        cout << arr[i] << endl;
    }
}

void Reverse_array(double arr[], double *len) {
    int length = len - arr;
    if (length % 2 == 0) {
        for (int i = 1; i < length / 2; i++) {
            double temp = arr[i];
            arr[i] = arr[length - i - 1];
            arr[length - i - 1] = temp;
        }
    } else {
        for (int i = 1; i < (length - 1) / 2; i++) {
            double temp = arr[i];
            arr[i] = arr[length - i - 1];
            arr[length - i - 1] = temp;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    double arr[Size];
    double *len = Fill_array(arr, &arr[Size - 1]);
    Show_array(arr, len);
    Reverse_array(arr, len);
    Show_array(arr, len);
    return 0;
}

        8. 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
const int Seasons = 4;
const char *Snames[4] = {"Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"};
double expenses[4]{};

void fill(double expense[]) {
    for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
        cout << "Enter " << Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
        cin >> expense[i];
    }
}

void show(double expense[]) {
    double total = 0.0;
    for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
        cout << Snames[i] << " expenses: " << expense[i] << endl;
        total += expense[i];
    }
    cout << "total : " << total;
}

int main() {
    fill(expenses);
    show(expenses);
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
const int Seasons = 4;
const char *Snames[4] = {"Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"};

struct expense{
    double expenses[4]{};
};

expense pense;

void fill(double expense[]) {
    for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
        cout << "Enter " << Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
        cin >> expense[i];
    }
}

void show(double expense[]) {
    double total = 0.0;
    for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
        cout << Snames[i] << " expenses: " << expense[i] << endl;
        total += expense[i];
    }
    cout << "total : " << total;
}

int main() {
    fill(pense.expenses);
    show(pense.expenses);
    return 0;
}

        9. 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
const int SLEN = 30;
struct student {
    char fullnmae[SLEN];
    char hobby[SLEN];
    int ooplevel;
};

int getinfo(student pa[], int n);

void display1(student st);

void display2(const student *ps);

void display3(const student pa[], int n);

int main() {
    cout << "Enter class size: ";
    int class_size;
    cin >> class_size;
    while (cin.get() != '\n')
        continue;
    auto *ptr_stu = new student[class_size];
    int entered = getinfo(ptr_stu, class_size);
    for (int i = 0; i < entered; i++) {
        display1(ptr_stu[i]);
        display2(&ptr_stu[i]);
    }
    display3(ptr_stu, entered);
    delete[] ptr_stu;
    return 0;
}

int getinfo(student pa[], int n) {
    int i = 0;
    cout << "Enter the name: " << endl;
    cout << "Enter the hobby: " << endl;
    cout << "Enter the level: " << endl;
    while (cin >> pa[i].fullnmae &&
           cin >> pa[i].hobby &&
           cin >> pa[i].ooplevel) {
        i++;
        cout << "Enter the name: " << endl;
        cout << "Enter the hobby: " << endl;
        cout << "Enter the level: " << endl;
    }
    return i + 1;
}

void display1(student st) {
    cout << st.fullnmae << endl;
    cout << st.hobby << endl;
    cout << st.ooplevel << endl;
}

void display2(const student *st) {
    cout << st->fullnmae << endl;
    cout << st->hobby << endl;
    cout << st->ooplevel << endl;
}

void display3(const student pa[], int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << pa[i].fullnmae << endl;
        cout << pa[i].hobby << endl;
        cout << pa[i].ooplevel << endl;
    }
}

         10.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

double add(double x, double y) {
    return x + y;
}

double sub(double x, double y) {
    return x - y;
}

double calculate(double x, double y, double (*p)(double, double)) {
    return p(x, y);
}

int main() {
    double a = 10.2;
    double b = 20.1;
    double (*p[2])(double, double) = {add, sub};
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        cout << p[i](a, b) << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}