1. 拦截器概述
拦截器interceptor类似于过滤器filter,可自定义来实现特定的功能。
过滤器
- servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用
- 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
拦截器
- AOP思想的应用
- SpringMVC框架带的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
- 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法,自动实现静态资源过滤, 如果访问的是jsp、html、css、image、js是不会进行拦截的
2. 实现拦截器
实现方法:
- 创建一个HandlerInterceptor实现类,
- 并重写其三个方法,
- 然后在xml文件中配置拦截器
拦截器的三个方法
- preHandle:处理前
- return true :执行下一个拦截器,放行
- return false :不执行下一个拦截器,不放行
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler) throws Exception {
//处理前...
return true;
}
- postHandle:处理后
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler,
ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
//处理后...
}
- afterCompletion:清理
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
//清理..
}
配置拦截器
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--path:拦截器拦截的请求路径-->
<mvc:mapping path=""/>
<!--class:拦截器实现的类-->
<bean class=""/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
3. 拦截器例子
步骤:
- 创建maven项目,添加web支持,添加artifacts相关的库,pom.xml导入相关依赖
- 配置web.xml 和 applicationContext.xml文件
- 自定义拦截器,并在applicationContext.xml配置拦截器
- 编写controller
- 配置tomcat,启动测试
添加artifacts相关的库
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<!-- spring-mvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jsp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 中文 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 1. 自动扫描包,让指定包下注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.palen.controller"/>
<!-- 2. 让springMVC不处理静态资源,类似css html js文件-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 3. springMVC注解支持 : 映射器 + 适配器 并解决乱码问题 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
<!-- <mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
<!-- 4. 添加视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
MyInterceptor.java
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//return true :执行下一个拦截器,放行
//return false :不执行下一个拦截器,不放行
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("==========处理前===========");
return true;
}
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("==========处理后===========");
}
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("==========清洁===========");
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!-- **代表所有请求路径 -->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<bean class="com.palen.config.MyInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
TestController.java
@RestController
public class TestController {
//测试是否成功
@GetMapping("/test1")
public String test1(){
System.out.println("===>test1<======");
return "hello!";
}
}
输入localhost:8080/test1,结果
4. 登录拦截
实现功能:只有登录后才能进入主页面,否则无法进入主页面
步骤:
- 创建maven项目,添加web支持,添加artifacts相关的库,pom.xml导入相关依赖
- 配置web.xml 和 applicationContext.xml文件
- 编写index.jsp,用于链接main.jsp主页面和login.jsp登录页面
- 编写login.jsp,用于发送登录请求
- 编写main.jsp,用于展示用户信息或者退出登录
- 编写LoginController.java,用于响应登录请求以及页面跳转请求
- 编写LoginInterceptor.java,用于拦截非登录用户进入主页面
- 在applicationContext.xml配置LoginInterceptor拦截器
- 配置tomcat,启动测试
index.jsp
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/toLogin">登录页面</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/toMain">主页面</a>
login.jsp
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="userName"/><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
main.jsp
<span>${userName}</span>
<p>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/goOut">注销</a>
</p>
LoginController.java
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class LoginController {
//1.登录请求
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(String userName, String pwd, HttpSession session){
//把用户信息存在session中
session.setAttribute("userName",userName);
return "main";
}
//2.退出登录请求
@RequestMapping("/goOut")
public String goOut(HttpSession session){
//移除结点
session.invalidate();
return "login";
}
//3.去登录页面
@RequestMapping("/toLogin")
public String toLogin(){
return "login";
}
//4.去主页面
@RequestMapping("/toMain")
public String toMain(){
return "main";
}
}
LoginInterceptor.java
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
//1.放行:session中有用户信息,即登录成功
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
if (session.getAttribute("userName")!=null){
return true;
}
//2.放行:登录请求/login以及去登录页面/tologin,无论登录不登录成功,都可以去登录页面
if(request.getRequestURI().contains("ogin")){
return true;
}
//3.不放行:未登录成功,什么页面请求都不执行,直接跳转到登录页面login.jsp
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request,response);
return false;
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<!-- 所有/user/***的请求,都经过该拦截器 -->
<mvc:mapping path="/user/**"/>
<bean class="com.palen.config.LoginInterceptor"/>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>