springboot所提倡的习惯优于配置的理念,使得java web应用开发不再需要大量的配置文件,可以使开发者更加专注于业务。但是这些是建立在对Spring boot已经了如指掌的情况,仅仅会使用是远远不够的。
如何使用starter去创建一个springboot项目,这里不再赘述。还不会的小伙伴可以暂时先看看如何创建。
这里使用的是springboot 2.1.3的代码。
入口启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class LearnSbApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(LearnSbApplication.class, args);
}
}
通过上面的代码,可以看出两点:
* @SpringBootApplication注解
* SpringApplication的类方法run()传入参数。
先查看SpringApplication的类方法run
类:org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource,
String... args) {
return run(new Class<?>[] { primarySource }, args);
}
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources,
String[] args) {
return new SpringApplication(primarySources).run(args);
}
primarySource是加载的主要资源类,可变参数args是传入的启动参数。
在静态方法中构建了一个SpringApplication对象,调用run()方法。
那么SpringApplication是如何创建的呢?
SpringApplication对象创建过程
类:org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication
public SpringApplication(Class<?>... primarySources) {
this(null, primarySources);
}
/**
* Create a new {@link SpringApplication} instance. The application context will load
* beans from the specified primary sources (see {@link SpringApplication class-level}
* documentation for details. The instance can be customized before calling
* {@link #run(String...)}.
* @param resourceLoader the resource loader to use
* @param primarySources the primary bean sources
* @see #run(Class, String[])
* @see #setSources(Set)
*/
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
//1、资源加载器,这里传入的是null
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
//2、断言主要资源primarySource不为空
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
//3、初始化主要资源加载类,并去重。
//(先将primarySource转换为list,然后将该list转换为链表,链表节点为hashSet)
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
//4、推断当前web应用类型
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
//5、设置应用上下文初始化器
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//6、设置监听器
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
//7、确定主入口程序
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
第4步中的推断web应用类型的代码如下:
类:org.springframework.boot.WebApplicationTytpe
public enum WebApplicationType {
//非web应用
NONE,
//基于servlet的web应用,应启动内置的servlet web 服务器
SERVLET,
//reactive web 应用,应启动reactive web服务器
REACTIVE;
private static final String[] SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
"org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };
private static final String WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org."
+ "springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler";
private static final String JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer";
static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
//判断对应路径下是否有对应类存在
//ClassUtils.isPresent(String className, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)
if (ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)) {
return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
}
for (String className : SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES) {
if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
return WebApplicationType.NONE;
}
}
return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
}
}
在deduceFromClasspath()方法中用到了ClassUtils.isPresent(String name, ClassLoader classLoader)方法,源码如下:
public static boolean isPresent(String className, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
try {
forName(className, classLoader);
return true;
}
catch (IllegalAccessError err) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Readability mismatch in inheritance hierarchy of class [" +
className + "]: " + err.getMessage(), err);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// Typically ClassNotFoundException or NoClassDefFoundError...
return false;
}
}
public static Class<?> forName(String name, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ClassNotFoundException, LinkageError {
Assert.notNull(name, "Name must not be null");
Class<?> clazz = resolvePrimitiveClassName(name);
if (clazz == null) {
clazz = commonClassCache.get(name);
}
if (clazz != null) {
return clazz;
}
// "java.lang.String[]" style arrays
if (name.endsWith(ARRAY_SUFFIX)) {
String elementClassName = name.substring(0, name.length() - ARRAY_SUFFIX.length());
Class<?> elementClass = forName(elementClassName, classLoader);
return Array.newInstance(elementClass, 0).getClass();
}
// "[Ljava.lang.String;" style arrays
if (name.startsWith(NON_PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_PREFIX) && name.endsWith(";")) {
String elementName = name.substring(NON_PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_PREFIX.length(), name.length() - 1);
Class<?> elementClass = forName(elementName, classLoader);
return Array.newInstance(elementClass, 0).getClass();
}
// "[[I" or "[[Ljava.lang.String;" style arrays
if (name.startsWith(INTERNAL_ARRAY_PREFIX)) {
String elementName = name.substring(INTERNAL_ARRAY_PREFIX.length());
Class<?> elementClass = forName(elementName, classLoader);
return Array.newInstance(elementClass, 0).getClass();
}
ClassLoader clToUse = classLoader;
if (clToUse == null) {
clToUse = getDefaultClassLoader();
}
try {
return Class.forName(name, false, clToUse);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
int lastDotIndex = name.lastIndexOf(PACKAGE_SEPARATOR);
if (lastDotIndex != -1) {
String innerClassName =
name.substring(0, lastDotIndex) + INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR + name.substring(lastDotIndex + 1);
try {
return Class.forName(innerClassName, false, clToUse);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex2) {
// Swallow - let original exception get through
}
}
throw ex;
}
}
根据ClassUtils.isPresent(String name, ClassLoader classLoader)判断,看当前指定的路径下是否存在必要的类,进而确定应该加载的webApplicationType是三个枚举类型中的哪一个。
第5步当中设置应用上下文初始化器
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
其中ApplicationContextInitializer的源码:
public interface ApplicationContextInitializer<C extends ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
/**
* Initialize the given application context.
* @param applicationContext the application to configure
*/
void initialize(C applicationContext);
}
初始化Spring应用上下文,入注册属性资源,激活profile文件等。
setInitializers的源码:
public void setInitializers(
Collection<? extends ApplicationContextInitializer<?>> initializers) {
this.initializers = new ArrayList<>();
this.initializers.addAll(initializers);
}
其目的就是将initialLizers这个ApplicationContextInitializer加载到集合当中去,以备Spring进行初始化。
再看getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class))的源码:
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type) {
return getSpringFactoriesInstances(type, new Class<?>[] {});
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
//获取类加载器
ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
// 获取ApplicationContextInitializer的名称,并去重
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
//根据获得的名称创建初始化工厂实例
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,
classLoader, args, names);
//排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader)的源码如下:
public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList());
}
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader);
if (result != null) {
return result;
}
try {
//三目运算符,classloader不为空,去加载META-INF/spring.factories的资源
Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
URL url = urls.nextElement();
UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) {
String factoryClassName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim();
for (String factoryName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) {
result.add(factoryClassName, factoryName.trim());
}
}
}
cache.put(classLoader, result);
return result;
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" +
FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
}
}
META-INF/spring.factories的initializers部分内容如下:
# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener
createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes,classLoader, args, names);的源码如下:
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private <T> List<T> createSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type,
Class<?>[] parameterTypes, ClassLoader classLoader, Object[] args,
Set<String> names) {
List<T> instances = new ArrayList<>(names.size());
for (String name : names) {
try {
Class<?> instanceClass = ClassUtils.forName(name, classLoader);
Assert.isAssignable(type, instanceClass);
Constructor<?> constructor = instanceClass
.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes);
//使用BeanUtils创建类实例
T instance = (T) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructor, args);
instances.add(instance);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Cannot instantiate " + type + " : " + name, ex);
}
}
return instances;
}
第6步中设置监听器setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));源码
@FunctionalInterface
public interface ApplicationListener<E extends ApplicationEvent> extends EventListener {
/**
* Handle an application event.
* @param event the event to respond to
*/
void onApplicationEvent(E event);
}
该接口继承了java.util.EventListener接口,实现了观察者模式,它一般用来定义感兴趣的事件类型,事件类型限定于 ApplicationEvent 的子类,这同样继承了 JDK 的 java.util.EventObject 接口。
设置监听器和设置初始化器调用的方法是一样的,只是传入的类型不一样,设置监听器的接口类型为:getSpringFactoriesInstances,对应的 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.3.RELEASE.jar!/META-INF/spring.factories 文件配置内容请见下方。
# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer
第7步推断主入口类this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();源码为:
private Class<?> deduceMainApplicationClass() {
try {
StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace();
for (StackTraceElement stackTraceElement : stackTrace) {
if ("main".equals(stackTraceElement.getMethodName())) {
return Class.forName(stackTraceElement.getClassName());
}
}
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// Swallow and continue
}
return null;
}
这个推断入口应用类的方式有点特别,通过构造一个运行时异常,再遍历异常栈中的方法名,获取方法名为 main 的栈帧,从来得到入口类的名字再返回该类。
注:参考了https://www.cnblogs.com/javastack/p/9429102.html内容,在此表示感谢。