SpringMVC学习(3)—— 获取请求的参数

一. 通过ServletAPI获取请求参数(一般不用)

package com.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Controller
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/")   //必须要有该映射路径,这样启动Tomcat服务器时才能找到index.html页面
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/servletAPI")
    public String testServletAPI(HttpServletRequest request){
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("username = " + username + ", password" + password);
        return "index";
    }
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>index页面</h1>

    <form th:action="@{/servletAPI}" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username">  <br/>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">  <br/>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

二. 通过控制器形参的方式

1.让形参名与请求的参数名相同

package com.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Controller
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/")   //必须要有该映射路径,这样启动Tomcat服务器时才能找到index.html页面
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/param")
    public String testParam(String username, String password, String[] hobby){  //只需要让形参名和请求的参数名相同
        System.out.println("username = " + username + ", password" + password + ", hobby = " + Arrays.toString(hobby));
        return "index";
    }
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>index页面</h1>

    <form th:action="@{/param}" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username">  <br/>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">  <br/>
        爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="Java"> Java
             <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="C++"> C++
             <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="Python"> Python <br/>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

2. 使用@RequestParam

使用@RequestParam将形参名和请求参数创建映射关系。

@RequestParam注解一共有三个属性:

①value:指定为形参赋值的请求参数的参数名

②required:设置是否必须传输此请求参数,默认值为true。若设置为true时,则当前请求必须传输value所指定的请求参数,若没有传输该请求参数,且没有设置defaultValue属性,则页面报错400;若设置为false,则当前请求不是必须传输value所指定的请求参数,若没有传输,则注解所标识的形参的值为null

③defaultValue:不管required属性值为true或false,当value所指定的请求参数没有传输或传输的值为" "时,则使用默认值为形参赋值

package com.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Controller
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/")   //必须要有该映射路径,这样启动Tomcat服务器时才能找到index.html页面
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/param")
    public String testParam(@RequestParam("username") String name, String password, String[] hobby){
        System.out.println("username = " + name + ", password" + password + ", hobby = " + Arrays.toString(hobby));
        return "index";
    }
}

3. @RequestHeader

@RequestHeader是将请求头信息和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系

@RequestHeader注解一共有三个属性:value、required、defaultValue,用法和@RequestParam一样

package com.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Controller
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/")   //必须要有该映射路径,这样启动Tomcat服务器时才能找到index.html页面
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/param")
    public String testParam(@RequestParam("username") String name,
                                 String password,
                                 String[] hobby,
                                 @RequestHeader("Host") String host){
        System.out.println("username = " + name + ", password" + password + ", hobby = " + Arrays.toString(hobby));
        System.out.println("host=" + host);  //host=localhost:8080
        return "index";
    }
}
package com.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import java.util.Arrays;

@Controller
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/")   //必须要有该映射路径,这样启动Tomcat服务器时才能找到index.html页面
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/param")
    public String testParam(@RequestParam("username") String name,
                                 String password,
                                 String[] hobby,
                                 @RequestHeader(value = "hello", defaultValue = "hi") String host){
        System.out.println("username = " + name + ", password" + password + ", hobby = " + Arrays.toString(hobby));
        System.out.println("host=" + host);  //hi
        return "index";
    }
}

4. @CookieValue

@CookieValue是将cookie数据和控制器方法的形参创建映射关系

@CookieValue注解一共有三个属性:value、required、defaultValue,用法和@RequestParam一样

package com.mvc.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CookieValue;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Arrays;

@Controller
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/")   //必须要有该映射路径,这样启动Tomcat服务器时才能找到index.html页面
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/servletAPI")
    public String testServletAPI(HttpServletRequest request){
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("username = " + username + ", password" + password);
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/param")
    public String testParam(@RequestParam("username") String name,
                                 String password,
                                 String[] hobby,
                                 @RequestHeader("Host") String host,
                                 @CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String JSESSIONID){
        System.out.println("username = " + name + ", password" + password + ", hobby = " + Arrays.toString(hobby));
        System.out.println("host=" + host);
        System.out.println("JSESSIONID:" + JSESSIONID);
        return "index";
    }
}

先执行第一个通过Session设置Cookie,然后使用第二个可以获取到Cookie 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>index页面</h1>

    <form th:action="@{/servletAPI}" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username">  <br/>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">  <br/>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>

    <form th:action="@{/param}" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username">  <br/>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">  <br/>
        爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="Java"> Java
             <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="C++"> C++
             <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="Python"> Python <br/>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

三. 通过Bean获取请求参数

实体类属性的名字需要和请求参数的名字相同

package com.mvc.pojo;

public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
package com.mvc.controller;

import com.mvc.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/")   //必须要有该映射路径,这样启动Tomcat服务器时才能找到index.html页面
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/bean")
    public String testBean(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        return "index";
    }
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>index页面</h1>

    <form th:action="@{/bean}" method="post">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username">  <br/>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password">  <br/>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

四. 解决获取请求参数乱码问题

在web.xml添加以下内容

    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
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