(二)Activity启动模式

启动模式

一、概念

顾名思义,就是activity的启动方式方法,共有4种模式standard,singleTop,singleTask,singleInstance。
为什么要学习启动模式呢?因为有些时候我们是需要控制activity的实例数量的,比如通话界面,整个手机中应该只有一个通话activity的实例。再比如浏览器,我们可以打开多个页面,各个页面间相互独立。这类的需求我们就需要使用启动模式来实现,所以理解每一种启动模式的特点就很必要了。
这里插一句,配置activity启动模式有2种方式,在AndroidManifinest.xml中配置和代码配置
接下来就以一个demo为例说明下几种方式的特点

二、demo相关

2.1 xml布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.hjw.launchmode.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_singleInstance"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bt_singleInstance"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_singleTop"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bt_singleTop"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_singleTask"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bt_singleTask"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bt_self"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bt_self"
        />

</LinearLayout>

2.2 AndroidManifinest.xml

4个Activity,分别配置4种启动模式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
          package="com.example.hjw.launchmode">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity"
            >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".TopActivity"
            android:launchMode="singleTop"
            android:taskAffinity="com.example.hjw.launchmode.top"
            >
            <!--android:taskAffinity="com.example.hjw.launchmode.top"-->

        </activity>
        <activity
            android:name=".TaskActivity"
            android:launchMode="singleTask"
            android:taskAffinity="com.example.hjw.launchmode.task"
            >

        </activity>
        <!---->
        <activity
            android:name=".InstanceActivity"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance"
            android:taskAffinity="com.example.hjw.launchmode.task">

        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.3 Activity,共有4个Activity,做的事情都是一样的,这里就只贴出一个,其他的类似

package com.example.hjw.launchmode;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.PersistableBundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static String TAG = "hjw";
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Log.d(TAG,"onCreate: "+getClass().getSimpleName() + " TaskId: " + getTaskId() + " hasCode:" + this.hashCode());
        findViewById(R.id.bt_singleInstance).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, InstanceActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
        findViewById(R.id.bt_singleTop).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, TopActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
        findViewById(R.id.bt_singleTask).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, TaskActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });
        findViewById(R.id.bt_self).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MainActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
            }
        });

    }

    @Override
    protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
        super.onNewIntent(intent);
        Log.d(TAG,"onCreate: "+getClass().getSimpleName() + " TaskId: " + getTaskId() + " hasCode:" + this.hashCode());
    }
}
好了,准备工作做完了,接下来就进入高潮了

三、4种启动模式

1,standard

如果没有指定启动模式,默认就是这种方式,例子中就是点击self按钮,启动自己,看下log
	Line 10264: 01-17 19:28:27.290 D/hjw     ( 5419): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 426 hasCode:148911758
	Line 10321: 01-17 19:28:32.445 D/hjw     ( 5419): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 426 hasCode:91877479
	Line 10344: 01-17 19:28:33.651 D/hjw     ( 5419): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 426 hasCode:81065124
	Line 10366: 01-17 19:28:34.566 D/hjw     ( 5419): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 426 hasCode:138172765
结论:每次开启activity都会创建一个新的实例,点击back的时候是一个一个的销毁实例。

2,singleTop

(1)这次的顺序是先启动MainActivity,然后一直启动singleTopActivity,看下log
	Line 9896: 01-17 19:32:46.760 D/hjw     ( 5419): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 427 hasCode:56325801
	Line 12280: 01-17 19:32:49.569 D/hjw     ( 5419): onCreate: TopActivity TaskId: 427 hasCode:90947310
	Line 12772: 01-17 19:32:51.491 D/hjw     ( 5419): onNewIntent: TopActivity TaskId: 427 hasCode:90947310
	Line 12780: 01-17 19:32:54.239 D/hjw     ( 5419): onNewIntent: TopActivity TaskId: 427 hasCode:90947310
	Line 12784: 01-17 19:32:54.381 D/hjw     ( 5419): onNewIntent: TopActivity TaskId: 427 hasCode:90947310
可以看到,第一次创建了topActivity,后面都是回调onNewIntent,复用
(2)这次的顺序是,从MainActivity,启动singleTopActivity,再启动Main,再启动几次Top
	Line 9912: 01-17 19:37:32.003 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 429 hasCode:148911758
	Line 10043: 01-17 19:38:06.624 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: TopActivity TaskId: 429 hasCode:47509012
	Line 10086: 01-17 19:38:08.290 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 429 hasCode:59946807
	Line 10114: 01-17 19:38:11.327 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: TopActivity TaskId: 429 hasCode:209995572
	Line 10128: 01-17 19:38:12.309 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TopActivity TaskId: 429 hasCode:209995572
	Line 10135: 01-17 19:38:13.131 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TopActivity TaskId: 429 hasCode:209995572
	Line 10151: 01-17 19:38:13.863 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TopActivity TaskId: 429 hasCode:209995572
结论:栈顶复用,只有位于栈顶时,才可以复用

3,singleTask

测试顺序采用与singleTop同样的方式
(1)
	Line 10253: 01-17 19:41:25.604 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 430 hasCode:202738547
	Line 13098: 01-17 19:41:28.461 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: TaskActivity TaskId: 431 hasCode:19651321
	Line 13132: 01-17 19:41:30.322 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 431 hasCode:19651321
	Line 13140: 01-17 19:41:30.900 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 431 hasCode:19651321
	Line 13148: 01-17 19:41:31.368 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 431 hasCode:19651321
	Line 13156: 01-17 19:41:31.835 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 431 hasCode:19651321
	Line 13164: 01-17 19:41:32.305 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 431 hasCode:19651321
这个方式下,与singleTop表现一致(细心的同学可能已经发行,TaskId这时候发生了变化,而前边两种方式,TaskId没有发生变化,TaskId这个点留到最后一起说)
(2)
	Line 10253: 01-17 19:43:59.360 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 432 hasCode:57364092
	Line 10286: 01-17 19:44:03.450 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: TaskActivity TaskId: 433 hasCode:131192636
	Line 10333: 01-17 19:44:06.559 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 433 hasCode:157377881
	Line 10358: 01-17 19:44:07.885 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 433 hasCode:131192636
	Line 10385: 01-17 19:44:08.989 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 433 hasCode:131192636
	Line 10393: 01-17 19:44:09.759 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 433 hasCode:131192636
	Line 10401: 01-17 19:44:10.296 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TaskActivity TaskId: 433 hasCode:131192636
这里就体现出区别了,当再次启动TaskActivity时,只是调用了onNewIntent,说明复用了该activity。
结论:栈内复用,并且会把它之上的activity实例销毁。从现象看就是back两次,栈就空了。当然了还有其他证明方式
adb shell dumpsys activity activities

4,singleInstance


(1)
	Line 10590: 01-17 19:49:49.377 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 434 hasCode:23450184
	Line 10616: 01-17 19:49:51.074 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: InstanceActivity TaskId: 435 hasCode:177643169
	Line 10633: 01-17 19:49:52.268 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: InstanceActivity TaskId: 435 hasCode:177643169
	Line 10641: 01-17 19:49:52.489 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: InstanceActivity TaskId: 435 hasCode:177643169
	Line 10649: 01-17 19:49:52.759 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: InstanceActivity TaskId: 435 hasCode:177643169
这个表现与singleTask一样
(2)
	Line 10170: 01-17 19:52:58.799 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 436 hasCode:119769668
	Line 10213: 01-17 19:53:01.271 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: InstanceActivity TaskId: 437 hasCode:94725757
	Line 10238: 01-17 19:53:03.052 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 436 hasCode:91870454
	Line 10293: 01-17 19:53:05.881 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: InstanceActivity TaskId: 437 hasCode:94725757
	Line 10307: 01-17 19:53:08.611 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: InstanceActivity TaskId: 437 hasCode:94725757
	Line 10325: 01-17 19:53:09.233 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: InstanceActivity TaskId: 437 hasCode:94725757
结论:创建一个新的task,task只放这一个实例,复用
至此,4种启动模式的特点就介绍完了。
还有一个遗留的问题,TaskId,就是指任务栈的编号可以通过在AndroidManifinest.xml中给Activity设置taskAffinity属性。
activity在启动的时候会优先寻找自己指定的TaskId,对于前2种启动方式,这个属性并不生效,后两种,是有效的。至于为啥,没研究过,请大神指点。另外我自己还有一个问题
	Line 10443: 01-17 19:58:51.761 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: MainActivity TaskId: 438 hasCode:6413022
	Line 10467: 01-17 19:58:54.475 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: TopActivity TaskId: 438 hasCode:6067614
	Line 10495: 01-17 19:58:56.345 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: InstanceActivity TaskId: 439 hasCode:222214387
	Line 10530: 01-17 19:58:57.975 D/hjw     ( 5817): onCreate: TopActivity TaskId: 440 hasCode:180213716
	Line 10548: 01-17 19:58:59.457 D/hjw     ( 5817): onNewIntent: TopActivity TaskId: 440 hasCode:180213716
应该从log中也能看出顺序,先Main,再Top,再Instance,再Top,这个时候可以看到,Top被放到440中了,而不是之前的438中。 求大神指点





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