使用 Spring Cache + Redis 作为缓存

本文介绍如何使用 spring-cache，以及集成 Redis 作为缓存实现。
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准备工作

Redis windows 安装

如何配置

1. maven

完整依赖详见 ==> Gitee

<!-- 使用spring cache -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- redis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!-- 为了解决 ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericObjectPoolConfig -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
</dependency>

2. application.properties

# Redis数据库索引（默认为0）
spring.redis.database=0  
# Redis服务器地址
spring.redis.host=localhost
# Redis服务器连接端口
spring.redis.port=6379  
# Redis服务器连接密码（默认为空）
#spring.redis.password=yourpwd
# 连接池最大连接数（使用负值表示没有限制）
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-active=8  
# 连接池最大阻塞等待时间 
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-wait=-1ms
# 连接池中的最大空闲连接
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-idle=8  
# 连接池中的最小空闲连接
spring.redis.lettuce.pool.min-idle=0  
# 连接超时时间（毫秒）
spring.redis.timeout=5000ms

#配置缓存相关
cache.default.expire-time=200
cache.user.expire-time=180
cache.user.name=test

3. @EnableCaching

标记注解 @EnableCaching，开启缓存，并配置Redis缓存管理器，需要初始化一个缓存空间。在缓存的时候，也需要标记使用哪一个缓存空间

@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig {
<span class="token metadata symbol">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${cache.default.expire-time}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
private int defaultExpireTime<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token metadata symbol">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${cache.user.expire-time}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
private int userCacheExpireTime<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token metadata symbol">@Value</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"${cache.user.name}"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
private String userCacheName<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">/**
 * 缓存管理器
 *
 * @param lettuceConnectionFactory
 * @return
 */</span>
<span class="token metadata symbol">@Bean</span>
public CacheManager <span class="token function">cacheManager</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>RedisConnectionFactory lettuceConnectionFactory<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfig <span class="token operator">=</span> RedisCacheConfiguration<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">defaultCacheConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token comment">// 设置缓存管理器管理的缓存的默认过期时间</span>
    defaultCacheConfig <span class="token operator">=</span> defaultCacheConfig<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entryTtl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Duration<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ofSeconds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>defaultExpireTime<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 设置 key为string序列化</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeKeysWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>RedisSerializationContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SerializationPair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringRedisSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 设置value为json序列化</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeValuesWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>RedisSerializationContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SerializationPair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token comment">// 不缓存空值</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">disableCachingNullValues</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    Set<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>String<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> cacheNames <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HashSet</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    cacheNames<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>userCacheName<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 对每个缓存空间应用不同的配置</span>
    Map<span class="token operator">&lt;</span>String<span class="token punctuation">,</span> RedisCacheConfiguration<span class="token operator">&gt;</span> configMap <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HashMap</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    configMap<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>userCacheName<span class="token punctuation">,</span> defaultCacheConfig<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entryTtl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Duration<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ofSeconds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>userCacheExpireTime<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    RedisCacheManager cacheManager <span class="token operator">=</span> RedisCacheManager<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">builder</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>lettuceConnectionFactory<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">cacheDefaults</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>defaultCacheConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">initialCacheNames</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>cacheNames<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withInitialCacheConfigurations</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>configMap<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> cacheManager<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

到此配置工作已经结束了

---

Spring Cache 使用

@Service
@CacheConfig(cacheNames="user")// cacheName 是一定要指定的属性，可以通过 @CacheConfig 声明该类的通用配置
public class UserService {
<span class="token comment">/**
 * 将结果缓存，当参数相同时，不会执行方法，从缓存中取
 *
 * @param id
 * @return
 */</span>
<span class="token annotation builtin">@Cacheable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"#id"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> User <span class="token function">findUserById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer id<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"===&gt; findUserById(id), id = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> new <span class="token function">User</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"taven"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/**
 * 将结果缓存，并且该方法不管缓存是否存在，每次都会执行
 *
 * @param user
 * @return
 */</span>
<span class="token annotation builtin">@CachePut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"#user.id"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> User <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>User user<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"===&gt; update(user), user = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> user<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/**
 * 移除缓存，根据指定key
 *
 * @param user
 */</span>
<span class="token annotation builtin">@CacheEvict</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>key <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"#user.id"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> void <span class="token function">deleteById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>User user<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"===&gt; deleteById(), user = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> user<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/**
 * 移除当前 cacheName下所有缓存
 *
 */</span>
<span class="token annotation builtin">@CacheEvict</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>allEntries <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> void <span class="token function">deleteAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"===&gt; deleteAll()"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

注解	作用
@Cacheable	将方法的结果缓存起来，下一次方法执行参数相同时，将不执行方法，返回缓存中的结果
@CacheEvict	移除指定缓存
@CachePut	标记该注解的方法总会执行，根据注解的配置将结果缓存
@Caching	可以指定相同类型的多个缓存注解，例如根据不同的条件
@CacheConfig	类级别注解，可以设置一些共通的配置，@CacheConfig(cacheNames="user"), 代表该类下的方法均使用这个cacheNames

下面详细讲一下每个注解的作用和可选项。

---

Spring Cache 注解

1. @EnableCaching 做了什么

@EnableCaching 注释触发后置处理器, 检查每一个Spring bean 的 public 方法是否存在缓存注解。如果找到这样的一个注释, 自动创建一个代理拦截方法调用和处理相应的缓存行为。

2. 常用缓存注解简述

2.1 @Cacheable

将方法的结果缓存，必须要指定一个 cacheName（缓存空间）

@Cacheable("books")
public Book findBook(ISBN isbn) {...}

默认 cache key

缓存的本质还是以 key-value 的形式存储的，默认情况下我们不指定key的时候 ，使用 SimpleKeyGenerator 作为key的生成策略

• 如果没有给出参数，则返回SimpleKey.EMPTY。
• 如果只给出一个Param，则返回该实例。
• 如果给出了更多的Param，则返回包含所有参数的SimpleKey。

注意：当使用默认策略时，我们的参数需要有 有效的hashCode()和equals()方法

---

自定义 cache key

@Cacheable(cacheNames="books", key="#isbn")
public Book findBook(ISBN isbn, boolean checkWarehouse, boolean includeUsed)

@Cacheable(cacheNames=“books”, key="#isbn.rawNumber")
public Book findBook(ISBN isbn, boolean checkWarehouse, boolean includeUsed)

@Cacheable(cacheNames=“books”, key=“T(someType).hash(#isbn)”)
public Book findBook(ISBN isbn, boolean checkWarehouse, boolean includeUsed)

如上，配合Spring EL 使用，下文会详细介绍 Spring EL 对 Cache 的支持

• 指定对象
• 指定对象中的属性
• 某个类的某个静态方法

---

自定义 keyGenerator

@Cacheable(cacheNames="books", keyGenerator="myKeyGenerator")
public Book findBook(ISBN isbn, boolean checkWarehouse, boolean includeUsed)

实现 KeyGenerator接口可以自定义 cache key 的生成策略

---

自定义 cacheManager

@Cacheable(cacheNames="books", cacheManager="anotherCacheManager") 
public Book findBook(ISBN isbn) {...}

当我们的项目包含多个缓存管理器时，可以指定具体的缓存管理器，作为缓存解析

---

同步缓存

在多线程环境中，可能会出现相同的参数的请求并发调用方法的操作，默认情况下，spring cache 不会锁定任何东西，相同的值可能会被计算几次，这就违背了缓存的目的

对于这些特殊情况，可以使用sync属性。此时只有一个线程在处于计算，而其他线程则被阻塞，直到在缓存中更新条目为止。

@Cacheable(cacheNames="foos", sync=true) 
public Foo executeExpensiveOperation(String id) {...}

---

条件缓存

• condition: 什么情况缓存，condition = true 时缓存，反之不缓存
• unless: 什么情况不缓存，unless = true 时不缓存，反之缓存

@Cacheable(cacheNames="book", condition="#name.length() < 32") 
public Book findBook(String name)

@Cacheable(cacheNames="book", condition="#name.length() < 32", unless="#result?.hardback")
public Optional<Book> findBook(String name)

Spring EL 对 Cache 的支持

Name	Location	Description	Example
methodName	Root object	被调用的方法的名称	#root.methodName
method	Root object	被调用的方法	#root.method.name
target	Root object	当前调用方法的对象	#root.target
targetClass	Root object	当前调用方法的类	#root.targetClass
args	Root object	当前方法的参数	#root.args[0]
caches	Root object	当前方法的缓存集合	#root.caches[0].name
Argument name	Evaluation context	当前方法的参数名称	#iban or #a0 (you can also use #p0 or #p<#arg> notation as an alias).
result	Evaluation context	方法返回的结果(要缓存的值)。只有在 unless 、@CachePut(用于计算键)或@CacheEvict(beforeInvocation=false)中才可用.对于支持的包装器(例如Optional)，#result引用的是实际对象，而不是包装器	#result

2.2 @CachePut

这个注解和 @Cacheable 有点类似，都会将结果缓存，但是标记 @CachePut 的方法每次都会执行，目的在于更新缓存，所以两个注解的使用场景完全不同。@Cacheable 支持的所有配置选项，同样适用于@CachePut

@CachePut(cacheNames="book", key="#isbn")
public Book updateBook(ISBN isbn, BookDescriptor descriptor)

• 需要注意的是，不要在一个方法上同时使用@Cacheable 和 @CachePut

2.3 @CacheEvict

用于移除缓存

• 可以移除指定key
• 声明 allEntries=true移除该CacheName下所有缓存
• 声明beforeInvocation=true 在方法执行之前清除缓存，无论方法执行是否成功

@CacheEvict(cacheNames="book", key="#isbn")
public Book updateBook(ISBN isbn, BookDescriptor descriptor)

@CacheEvict(cacheNames="books", allEntries=true) 
public void loadBooks(InputStream batch)

2.4 @Caching

可以让你在一个方法上嵌套多个相同的Cache 注解（@Cacheable, @CachePut, @CacheEvict），分别指定不同的条件

@Caching(evict = { @CacheEvict("primary"), @CacheEvict(cacheNames="secondary", key="#p0") })
public Book importBooks(String deposit, Date date)

2.5 @CacheConfig

类级别注解，用于配置一些共同的选项（当方法注解声明的时候会被覆盖），例如 CacheName。

支持的选项如下：

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface CacheConfig {
    String[] cacheNames() default {};
String <span class="token function">keyGenerator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

String <span class="token function">cacheManager</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

String <span class="token function">cacheResolver</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

}

参考：

• https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/integration.html#cache-annotations-cacheable
• https://spring.io/guides/gs/caching/

本文demo：

https://gitee.com/yintianwen7/taven-springboot-learning/tree/master/springboot-redis