StringBuilder.append 中出现加号影响效率

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-14 12:35:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-09-14 12:35:49 发布

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分类专栏： Thinking in JAVA

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Asmots/article/details/44339403

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标题中所说的情况为StringBuilder.append(str + "abc")类似这种情况在append中再次使用“+”进行拼接

StringBuilder在字符串拼接中是最快的，有些时候使用不当会影响效率，先看一个例子

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String str = "a";
		System.out.println(str + "b");//1
		
		//System.out.println("a" + "b");//2
	
	}

}

代码中1,2两部分输出结果都是一样的，但实际上第二个速度会快些，换句话说就是第二种比第一种高效。。。

这里也不能说是高效吧，应该是第一种写法有点多余了，，多干了一些活

使用javap命令可以很容易看清两者的区别（使用方法 javap -c xxx.class）(如果提示找不到该命令，装一下jdk配一下环境变量即可)

注释掉2只显示1的效果即打印System.out.println(str + "b");

javac Test.java

javap -c Test.class
Compiled from "Test.java"
public class Test {
  public Test();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":
()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String a
       2: astore_1
       3: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/
io/PrintStream;
       6: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       9: dup
      10: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<
init>":()V
      13: aload_1
      14: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.ap
pend:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      17: ldc           #7                  // String b
      19: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.ap
pend:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      22: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.to
String:()Ljava/lang/String;
      25: invokevirtual #9                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.printl
n:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
      28: return
}

注释掉1只显示2的效果即打印System.out.println("a" + "b");

javac Test.java
javap -c Test.class
Compiled from "Test.java"
public class Test {
  public Test();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":
()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String a
       2: astore_1
       3: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/
io/PrintStream;
       6: ldc           #4                  // String ab
       8: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.printl
n:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
      11: return
}

第一步都是先使用javac编译成class文件；

很容易看到第一种里面有一个StringBuilder，

具体步骤就是先创建一个字符串对象a；

然后创建对象StringBuilder，把字符串a添加到StringBuilder中；

然后创建字符串对象b，再把b添加到StringBuilder中；

最后调用StringBuilder中的toString得到字符串

但是第二种是直接创建字符串对象 ab，然后直接打印，省去了一部分操作，

因为第一种是变量+字符串，这里就会采用StringBuilder这种方式（这原本是一种优化方式。。。）

同理来看看这段代码

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		String str = "a";

		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
		//builder.append(str + "b");//1
		builder.append("a" + "b");//2
		
	}

}

同样的道理先看第一种builder.append(str + "b");

avac Test.java

javap -c Test.class
Compiled from "Test.java"
public class Test {
  public Test();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":
()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String a
       2: astore_1
       3: new           #3                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       6: dup
       7: invokespecial #4                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<
init>":()V
      10: astore_2
      11: aload_2
      12: new           #3                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
      15: dup
      16: invokespecial #4                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<
init>":()V
      19: aload_1
      20: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.ap
pend:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      23: ldc           #6                  // String b
      25: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.ap
pend:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      28: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.to
String:()Ljava/lang/String;
      31: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.ap
pend:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      34: pop
      35: return
}

再看第二种builder.append("a" + "b");

javac Test.java

javap -c Test.class
Compiled from "Test.java"
public class Test {
  public Test();
    Code:
       0: aload_0
       1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":
()V
       4: return

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    Code:
       0: ldc           #2                  // String a
       2: astore_1
       3: new           #3                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
       6: dup
       7: invokespecial #4                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<
init>":()V
      10: astore_2
      11: aload_2
      12: ldc           #5                  // String ab
      14: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.ap
pend:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
      17: pop
      18: return
}

最大的区别就是第一个里面的StringBuilder好多，，，一大堆，仔细看会发现第一种里面有两个地方new StringBuilder

第一个地方是源代码中就有new 第二个地方是在str + “b”的时候，原理的最开始一样

所以在StringBuilder的append里面就不要出现变量 + 变量或 + 字符串的情况为好！

=========================================================================================

javap参数展示

javap
Usage: javap <options> <classes>
where possible options include:
  -help  --help  -?        Print this usage message
  -version                 Version information
  -v  -verbose             Print additional information
  -l                       Print line number and local variable tables
  -public                  Show only public classes and members
  -protected               Show protected/public classes and members
  -package                 Show package/protected/public classes
                           and members (default)
  -p  -private             Show all classes and members
  -c                       Disassemble the code
  -s                       Print internal type signatures
  -sysinfo                 Show system info (path, size, date, MD5 hash)
                           of class being processed
  -constants               Show static final constants
  -classpath <path>        Specify where to find user class files
  -bootclasspath <path>    Override location of bootstrap class files