linux命令第六天--tail

tail 命令

说明：tail命令属于文件类型的命令，

万能命令：man tail 或者 tail --help

用、说明、参数列表：

Usage: tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -c, --bytes=K            output the last K bytes; or use -c +K to output
                             bytes starting with the Kth of each file
  -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
                           output appended data as the file grows;
                             an absent option argument means 'descriptor'
  -F                       same as --follow=name --retry
  -n, --lines=K            output the last K lines, instead of the last 10;
                             or use -n +K to output starting with the Kth
      --max-unchanged-stats=N
                           with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
                             changed size after N (default 5) iterations
                             to see if it has been unlinked or renamed
                             (this is the usual case of rotated log files);
                             with inotify, this option is rarely useful
      --pid=PID            with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
  -q, --quiet, --silent    never output headers giving file names
      --retry              keep trying to open a file if it is inaccessible
  -s, --sleep-interval=N   with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds
                             (default 1.0) between iterations;
                             with inotify and --pid=P, check process P at
                             least once every N seconds
  -v, --verbose            always output headers giving file names
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

案例：以如下文件sort.txt为案例

tail sort.txt

[root@pdemo tail-test]# cat sort.txt 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

使用tail sort.txt 会显示最后10行

[root@pdemo tail-test]# tail sort.txt 
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

-c 后面带容量 显示最后多少k的内容

[root@pdemo tail-test]# tail -c 10 sort.txt 

10
11
12

检测是否是10k
[root@pdemo tail-test]# tail -c 10 sort.txt >tail.txt
[root@pdemo tail-test]# ll tail.txt 
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 Apr  8 21:37 tail.txt

-f  此参数查看日志实时内容 很方便

首先 写一个一直打印的命令到tailf.txt
 while true; do echo `date` >>tailf.txt  && sleep 1;done;



打开一个新的窗口 接收信息 发现可以实时更新内容
[root@pdemo tail-test]# tail -f tailf.txt 
Wed Apr 8 21:44:43 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:44 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:45 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:46 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:47 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:48 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:49 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:50 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:51 CST 2020
Wed Apr 8 21:44:52 CST 2020

效果和tailf是一样的
[root@pdemo tail-test]# tailf tailf.txt 

-n tail 默认是输出最后10行，但是-n参数可以对此进行调整

输出最后两行
[root@pdemo tail-test]# tail -n 2 tail.txt 
11
12

输出最后三行
[root@pdemo tail-test]# tail -n 3 tail.txt 
10
11
12

tail -n +数字 file 输出最后数字的行

-q 和-s 经过测试 暂时没有发现啥特点 暂时不在这里写出