SELECT
cat1.id id1,
cat1.name name1,
cat2.id id2,
cat2.name name2,
cat3.id id3,
cat3.name name3
FROM mall_goods_cat cat1
LEFT JOIN mall_goods_cat cat2 on cat1.id = cat2.parent_id
LEFT JOIN mall_goods_cat cat3 on cat2.id = cat3.parent_id
WHERE cat1.parent_id = 0