随笔-常见的数据类型常用操作整理-NSString/NSArray/NSDictionary/NSData

虽然简单，但是好多东西用到的时候再要去网上搜，觉得挺麻烦的。所以就自己整理了一份，以便不时之需。

1.NSString

 //    ------------------NSString常见用法------------------
        
        NSString *str1 = @"beiJING";
        NSString *str2 = @"SHANGhai";
        //全部转化为大写
        NSLog(@"%@",[str1 uppercaseString]);
        //全部转化为小写
        NSLog(@"%@",[str2 lowercaseString]);
        //首字母大写
        NSLog(@"%@",[str1 capitalizedString]);
        //比较两个字符串内容是否相同
        BOOL b = [str1 isEqualToString:str2];
        if (b) {
            NSLog(@"str1跟str2相同");
        }else{
            
            NSLog(@"str1跟str2不相同");
        }
        //两个字符串内容比较
        NSComparisonResult result = [str1 compare:str2];
        if (result == NSOrderedAscending)
        {
            NSLog(@"str1<str2");
        }else if (result == NSOrderedSame)
        {
            NSLog(@"str1=str2");
        }else
        {
            NSLog(@"str1>str2");
        }
        //忽略大小写进行比较，返回值跟compare一样
        result = [str1 caseInsensitiveCompare:str2];
        if (result == NSOrderedAscending)
        {
            NSLog(@"str1<str2");
        }else if (result == NSOrderedSame)
        {
            NSLog(@"str1=str2");
        }else
        {
            NSLog(@"str1>str2");
        }
        //判断字符串是否以指定字符串开头和结尾
        if ([str1 hasPrefix:@"bei"]) {
            NSLog(@"str1是以“bei”开头的字符串");
        }else
        {
            NSLog(@"str1不是以“bei”开头的字符串");
        }
        if ([str2 hasSuffix:@"shang"]) {
            NSLog(@"str2是以“HAI”结尾的字符串");
        }
        else
        {
            NSLog(@"str2不是以“HAI”结尾的字符串");
        }
        //判断字符串是否包含指定字符串，返回位置和长度
        NSRange range = [str1 rangeOfString:@"bei"];
        NSLog(@"%@",NSStringFromRange(range));
        //反向搜索
        range = [str2 rangeOfString:@"Gh" options:NSBackwardsSearch];
        NSLog(@"%@",NSStringFromRange(range));
        //指定范围进行搜索
        range = NSMakeRange(0, 7);
        range = [str1 rangeOfString:@"iJ" options:NSBackwardsSearch range:range];
        NSLog(@"%@",NSStringFromRange(range));
        //字符串的截取
        NSRange range1 = NSMakeRange(6, 2);
        NSString *str3 = @"guangZHOU";
        NSLog(@"%@",[str3 substringFromIndex:3]);
        NSLog(@"%@",[str3 substringToIndex:4]);
        NSLog(@"%@",[str3 substringWithRange:range1]);
        //用指定字符串分割字符串，返回一个数组
        NSArray *arr = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@
                        "2",@"3",@"4",nil];
        [arr componentsJoinedByString:@","];
        NSLog(@"%@",arr);
        //将数组中的字符串组成一个文件路径
        NSMutableArray *components = [NSMutableArray array]; // ???
        [components addObject:@"Users"];
        [components addObject:@"CentralPerk"];
        [components addObject:@"DeskTop"];
        NSString *path = [NSString pathWithComponents:components];
        NSLog(@"%@",path);
        //将一个路径分割成一个数组
        NSArray *arr1 = [path pathComponents];
        NSLog(@"%@",arr1);
        //判断是否为绝对路径(依据：是否以“/”开始)
        path = @"/Users/CentralPerk/DeskTop";
        NSLog(@"%i",[path isAbsolutePath]);
        //获取最后一个目录
        NSLog(@"%@",[path lastPathComponent]);
        //删除最后一个目录
        NSLog(@"%@",[path stringByDeletingLastPathComponent]);
        //拼接一个目录
        NSLog(@"%@",[path stringByAppendingString:@"zpf"]);
        NSLog(@"%@",[path stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"zpf"]);
        NSLog(@"%@",[path stringByAppendingFormat:@"%@%@",@"B",@"a"]);
        //获取拓展名
        NSString *str4 = @"Users/CentralPerk/Desktop/test.txt";
        NSLog(@"%@",[str4 pathExtension]);
        //添加拓展名
        NSLog(@"%@",[str4 stringByAppendingPathExtension:@"mp4"]);
        //删除拓展名
        NSLog(@"%@",[str4 stringByDeletingPathExtension]);
        //字符串转化为int double folat
        NSString *str5 = @"123";
        NSLog(@"%i",[str5 intValue]);
        NSLog(@"%zi",[str5 length]); // ???-> zi
        //取出指定位置的字符
        unichar c = [str5 characterAtIndex:0];
        NSLog(@"%c",c);
        //转化为C语言的字符串
        const char *a = [str5 UTF8String];
        NSLog(@"%s",a);

2.NSArray和NSMutableArray

//    ------------------NSArray常见用法------------------
        // NSMutableArray;
        //类方法数组创建
        NSArray *array1 = [NSArray arrayWithObject:@"obj"];
        NSLog(@"%@",array1);
        NSArray *array2 = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"obj1",@"obj2",@"obj3", nil];
        NSLog(@"%@",array2);
        NSArray *array3 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array1];
        NSLog(@"%@",array3);
        //实例方法创建数组
        NSArray *array4 = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:@"obj4",@"obj5",@"obj6", nil];
        NSLog(@"%@",array4);
        //数组个数
        NSLog(@"array4 count is %ld",[array4 count]);
        //访问元素
        NSLog(@"obj at index :%@",[array4 objectAtIndex:2]);
        //追加字符串，返回新的array对象
        NSArray *array5 = [array4 arrayByAddingObject:@"abc"];
        NSLog(@"array5 is %@",array5);
        //追加数组，返回新的array对象
        array5 = [array2 arrayByAddingObjectsFromArray:array4];
        NSLog(@"array5 = array2 + array4 = %@",array5);
        //根据指定的字符串连接数组元素
        NSString *ConnectString = [array5 componentsJoinedByString:@"|"];
        NSLog(@"ConnectString is %@",ConnectString);
        //是否包含指定对象
        BOOL isContain = [array5 containsObject:@"abc"];
        if (isContain) {
            NSLog(@"array5 里面包含 字符串“abc”");
        }else
        {
            NSLog(@"array5 里面不包含 字符串“abc”");
        }
        //查找某个对象所在索引
        NSLog(@"字符串“abc”在array5的第%ld的位置",[array5 indexOfObject:@"obj2"]+1);
        //最后一个元素
        NSLog(@"最后一个元素：%@",[array5 lastObject]);
        //快速遍历数组
        for (id element in array5) {
            NSLog(@"element is %@",element);
        }
        
        //    ------------------NSMutableArray常见用法------------------
        //可变数组（期望容量值为3）
        NSMutableArray *mutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:3];
        //直接添加
        [mutableArray addObject:@"aaa"];
        [mutableArray addObject:@"bbb"];
        [mutableArray addObject:@"ccc"];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //插入元素
        [mutableArray insertObject:@"eee" atIndex:0];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //移除指定元素
        [mutableArray removeObject:@"bbb"];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //移除指定下标元素
        [mutableArray removeObjectAtIndex:2];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //移除最后一个元素
        [mutableArray removeLastObject];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //添加数组
        [mutableArray addObjectsFromArray:array5];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //移除指定数组中的内容
        [mutableArray removeObjectsInArray:array2];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //指定索引替换对象
        [mutableArray replaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:@"hello"];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);
        //删除全部对象
        [mutableArray removeAllObjects];
        NSLog(@"mutableArray is %@",mutableArray);

3.NSDictionary和NSMutableDictionary

//    ------------------NSDictionary常见用法------------------
        //创建字典
        NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"value" forKey:@"key"];
        NSLog(@"dic is %@",dic);
        //创建多个字典
        NSDictionary *dic2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"value1",@"key1",@"value2",@"key2",@"value3",@"key3", nil<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>];
        NSLog(@"dic2 is %@",dic2);
        //根据现有的字典创建字典
        NSDictionary *dic3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic];
        NSLog(@"dic3 is %@",dic3);
        //根据key值获取value值
        NSLog(@"key3 value is %@",[dic2 objectForKey:@"key3"]);
        //获取字典数量
        NSLog(@"dic2 count is %ld",[dic2 count]);
        //所有的键集合
        NSArray *allkey = [dic2 allKeys];
        NSLog(@"dic2 allKeys is %@",allkey);
        //所有值的集合
        NSArray *allValue = [dic2 allValues];
        NSLog(@"dic2 allValue is %@",allValue);
        
        //    ------------------NSDictionary常见用法------------------
        //添加现有的字典数据
        NSMutableDictionary *mutableDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"mvalue1",@"mkey1",@"mvalue2",@"mkey<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>2", nil];
        //添加现有的字典数据
        [mutableDic addEntriesFromDictionary:dic2];
        NSLog(@"mutableDic is %@",mutableDic);
        //添加新的键值对象
        [mutableDic setValue:@"mvalue3" forKey:@"mkey3"];
        NSLog(@"mutableDic is %@",mutableDic);
        //以新的字典数据覆盖旧的字典数据
        [mutableDic setDictionary:dic2];
        NSLog(@"mutableDic is %@",mutableDic);
        //根据key值删除value值
        [mutableDic removeObjectForKey:@"key2"];
        NSLog(@"mutableDic is %@",mutableDic);
        //快速遍历字典
        for (id key in mutableDic) {
            NSLog(@"key = %@,value = %@",key,[mutableDic objectForKey:key]);
        }
        //根据key数组删除元素
        NSArray *allKeys = [mutableDic allKeys];
        [mutableDic removeObjectsForKeys:allKeys];
        NSLog(@"this is nil %@",mutableDic);
        //删除字典中所有元素
        [mutableDic removeAllObjects];
        NSLog(@"this is nil %@",mutableDic);

还有NSData 没有整理出来，有时间整理出来再更新。。。。