注解与反射

'Boom'

已于 2022-03-02 16:27:42 修改

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分类专栏：心路历程文章标签： java

于 2021-04-01 11:39:01 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/B000M/article/details/115370517

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注解

可以被其他程序（比如：编译器等）读取

@SuppressWarnings("all")  //镇压警告
@Override  //重写
@Deprecated  //不推荐程序员使用或存在更好的方式，但可以使用

package com.company.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

//测试元注解
@MyAnnotation
public class Test01 {
    public void test(){

    }
}
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})

//Retention  表示我们的注解在什么地方还有效
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

//Documented  表示是否将我们的注解生成在JAVAdoc中
@Documented

//Inherited  子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{

}

自定义注解

package com.company.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

public class Test02 {
    @MyAnnotation2
    public void test(){}
    @MyAnnotation3("YRZ")
    public void test2(){}
}

@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
    //注解的参数：参数类型 + 参数名();
    String name() default "";
    int age() default 0;
    int id() default -1;  //如果默认值为-1，代表不存在
    String[] school() default "清华大学";
}
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
String value(); //只有一个值的情况下
}

反射

Reflection

package com.company.reflection;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.User");
        System.out.println(c1);

        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.User");
        Class c3 = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.User");
        Class c4 = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.User");

        //一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载后，类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
    }
}

//实体类：pojo、entity
class User{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int id;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int age, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", id=" + id +
                '}';
    }
}

得到Class类的几种方式

package com.company.reflection;
//测试Class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person person = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是："+person.name);

        //方式一：通过对象获取
        Class c1 = person.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());

        //方式二：forname获得
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.Student");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());

        //方式三：通过类名.class获得
        Class c3 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());

        //方式四：基本内置类型的包装类都要一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4);

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}

class Person{
    public String name;

    public Person() {
    }

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

class Student extends Person{
    public Student(){
        this.name = "学生";
    }
}

class Teacher extends Person{
    public Teacher(){
        this.name = "老师";
    }
}

分析类初始化

在这里插入图片描述

类加载器

package com.company.reflection;

public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //获取系统类加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);

        //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);

        //获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器（c/c++）
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);

        //测试当前类是被哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.Test04").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader);

        //测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
        ClassLoader classLoader1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(classLoader1);

        //如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));

        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\jce.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\resources.jar;
        // D:\bishe\jdk8\jre\lib\rt.jar;
        // D:\IDEA\net\study\out\production\study;
        // D:\IDEA\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1\lib\idea_rt.jar
    }
}

获取运行时类的结构

package com.company.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

//获得类的信息
public class Test05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.User");

        //获得类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());

        //获得类的属性
        System.out.println("=======================================");
        Field[] fields1 = c1.getFields(); //只能找到public属性

        Field[] fields = c1.getDeclaredFields(); //找到全部的属性
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }

        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); //获得指定属性的值
        System.out.println(name);

        //获得类的方法
        System.out.println("=======================================");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); //获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
        for (Method method : methods) {
            System.out.println("正常的："+method);
        }
        Method[] declaredMethods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获得本类的全部方法
        for (Method declaredMethod : declaredMethods) {
            System.out.println("declaredMethod: "+declaredMethod);
        }

        //获得指定方法
        Method method = c1.getMethod("getName",null);
        Method method1 = c1.getMethod("setName",String.class);
        System.out.println(method);
        System.out.println(method1);

        //获得指定的构造器
        System.out.println("=======================================");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
        Constructor[] declaredConstructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor declaredConstructor : declaredConstructors) {
            System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
        }

        //获得指定构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class,int.class);
        System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
        
    }
}

有了Class对象，能做什么？

package com.company.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//动态创建对象，通过反射
public class Test06 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //获得class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.company.reflection.User");
        //构造一个对象
        User user = (User) c1.newInstance(); //本质是调用了类的无参构造
        System.out.println(user);

        //通过构造器创建对象
        Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
        User user2 = (User)constructor.newInstance("未激活", 01, 18);
        System.out.println(user2);

        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个方法
        Method setname = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        //invoke:激活的意思
        Object invoke = setname.invoke(user3, "激活成功"); //(对象,"方法的值")
        System.out.println(user3.getName());

        //通过反射操作属性
        System.out.println("===========================");
        User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        //不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或者方法的setAccessible(true)
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(user2,"激活2");
        System.out.println(user2.getName());
    }
}

性能对比分析

package com.company.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Test07 {

    //普通方式调用
    public static void test01(){
        User user = new User();
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            user.getName();
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("普通方式执行10亿次："+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
    }
    //反射方式调用
    public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();
        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("反射方式执行10亿次："+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
    }
    //反射方式调用  关闭检测
    public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();
        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
        getName.setAccessible(true);
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("关闭检测执行10亿次："+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        test01();
        test02();
        test03();
    }
}

'Boom'

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注解与反射

Day11注解可以被其他程序（比如：编译器等）读取@SuppressWarnings("all") //镇压警告@Override //重写@Deprecated //不推荐程序员使用或存在更好的方式，但可以使用package com.company.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.*;//测试元注解@MyAnnotationpublic class Test01 { public void test(){ }
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