场景
SpringCloud-服务注册与实现-Eureka创建服务注册中心(附源码下载):
https://blog.csdn.net/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/article/details/102535957
SpringCloud-服务注册与实现-Eureka创建服务提供者(附源码下载):
https://blog.csdn.net/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/article/details/102558004
SpringCloud-创建服务消费者-Ribbon方式(附代码下载):
https://blog.csdn.net/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/article/details/102558080
SpringCloud-创建服务消费者-Feign方式(附代码下载)::
https://blog.csdn.net/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/article/details/102595895
在上面已经实现服务注册中心、服务提供者和以Ribbon方式和Fign方式实现服务消费者的前提下,使用熔断器防止服务雪崩。
在微服务架构中,根据业务来拆分成一个个的服务,服务与服务之间可以通过 RPC 相互调用,在 Spring Cloud 中可以用 RestTemplate + Ribbon 和 Feign 来调用。为了保证其高可用,单个服务通常会集群部署。由于网络原因或者自身的原因,服务并不能保证 100% 可用,如果单个服务出现问题,调用这个服务就会出现线程阻塞,此时若有大量的请求涌入,Servlet 容器的线程资源会被消耗完毕,导致服务瘫痪。服务与服务之间的依赖性,故障会传播,会对整个微服务系统造成灾难性的严重后果,这就是服务故障的 “雪崩” 效应。
熔断器打开后,为了避免连锁故障,通过 fallback 方法可以直接返回一个固定值。
注:
博客:
https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi
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实现
Ribbon中使用熔断器
SpringCloud-创建服务消费者-Ribbon方式(附代码下载):
https://blog.csdn.net/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/article/details/102558080
在上面使用Ribbon实现创建服务消费者。
我们在pom.xml中加入hystrix的依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
完整pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.badao</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../hello-spring-cloud-dependencies/pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-ribbon</name>
<url>https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi</url>
<inceptionYear>2019-Now</inceptionYear>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Boot End -->
<!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Cloud End -->
<!-- 解决 thymeleaf 模板引擎一定要执行严格的 html5 格式校验问题 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>
<artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.WebAdminRibbonApplication</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
然后在应用启动类Application中增加@EnableHystrix注解
package com.badao.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableHystrix
public class WebAdminRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(WebAdminRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
}
然后在Service中添加@HystrixCommand注解
在 Ribbon 调用方法上增加 @HystrixCommand 注解并指定 fallbackMethod 熔断方法。
package com.badao.hello.spring.cloud.web.admin.ribbon.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class AdminService {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hiError")
public String sayHi(String message) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://hello-spring-cloud-service-admin/hi?message=" + message, String.class);
}
public String hiError(String message) {
return "Hi,your message is :\"" + message + "\" but request error.";
}
}
测试熔断器
为了测试熔断器效果,我们将服务提供者关闭,此时再次请求:
http://localhost:8764/hi?message=HelloRibbon
Feign中使用熔断器
Feign自带熔断器,所以不用添加依赖,只需要在配置文件中配置打开。
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
完整配置文件:
spring:
application:
name: hello-spring-cloud-web-admin-feign
thymeleaf:
cache: false
mode: LEGACYHTML5
encoding: UTF-8
servlet:
content-type: text/html
server:
port: 8765
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
然后再Service中增加fallback指定类
package com.badao.hello.spring.cloud.web.feign.service;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@FeignClient(value = "hello-spring-cloud-service-admin", fallback = AdminServiceHystrix.class)
public interface AdminService {
@RequestMapping(value = "hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHi(@RequestParam(value = "message") String message);
}
此时再service包下创建熔断器并实现对应的Feign接口
package com.badao.hello.spring.cloud.web.feign.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class AdminServiceHystrix implements AdminService {
@Override
public String sayHi(String message) {
return "Hi,your message is :\"" + message + "\" but request error.";
}
}
然后将服务提供者关闭,再次请求:
http://localhost:8765/hi?message=HelloFeign
代码下载
https://download.csdn.net/download/badao_liumang_qizhi/11871136