并行执行任务

需求

在app列表首页,展示多个item,并有分页;而每个item里后台都会调用一个http请求,判断当前item的状态

分析

为了更好的用体验,无疑需要使用多线程并行处理http请求,而且还需要拿到每个线程的执行结果.
上面的分析,有两个问题需要解决:
1. 如何创建线程池
2. 如何拿到所有线程的执行结果
对于第一个问题,还是很好解决的,使用并发包(java.util.concurrent)下面的ThreadPoolExecutor类创建线程池,阿里巴巴Java开发手册上推荐使用该类创建线程池:,根据统计,该首页的qps最大为3以及服务器的配置后,线程池创建如下:

 protected static class ThreadFactory {
        static ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(ThreadNumEnum.CORE_POOL_SIZE.getNum(), ThreadNumEnum.MAX_IMUM_POOL_SIZE.getNum(), TimeOutEnum.FiveSecond.getSeconds(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>(),new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
        private ThreadFactory() {

        }
        public static ExecutorService getThreadPool() {
            return executor;
        }
    }

如何能拿到线程的执行结果呢,传统的Thread无法拿到执行结果,由于run方法无返回值,通过ThreadPoolExecutor类图发现:

继承了AbstractExecutorService、ExecutorService,对ExecutorService中的invokeAll方法产生极大的兴趣,仔细阅读注释,其实这个方法用来并行执行任务:

/**
     * Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding
     * their status and results
     * when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
     * {@link Future#isDone} is {@code true} for each
     * element of the returned list.
     * Upon return, tasks that have not completed are cancelled.
     * Note that a <em>completed</em> task could have
     * terminated either normally or by throwing an exception.
     * The results of this method are undefined if the given
     * collection is modified while this operation is in progress.
     *
     * @param tasks the collection of tasks
     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait
     * @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
     * @param <T> the type of the values returned from the tasks
     * @return a list of Futures representing the tasks, in the same
     *         sequential order as produced by the iterator for the
     *         given task list. If the operation did not time out,
     *         each task will have completed. If it did time out, some
     *         of these tasks will not have completed.
     * @throws InterruptedException if interrupted while waiting, in
     *         which case unfinished tasks are cancelled
     * @throws NullPointerException if tasks, any of its elements, or
     *         unit are {@code null}
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if any task cannot be scheduled
     *         for execution
     */
    <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
                                  long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException;

到这里,第二个问题的解决思路已经有了.

编码实现

invokeAll方法的入参分别为任务列表list、超时时间、时间单位,所以首先我们需要创建任务列表:

 List<BasicUserFilter> list = new ArrayList<>();

超时时间为每个FutureTask执行超时时间,这里设置成3s,这里的3s超时时间是针对的所有tasks，而不是单个task的超时时间,如果超时，会取消没有执行完的所有任务，并抛出超时异常,源码如下:

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                execute((Runnable)futures.get(i));
                nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanos <= 0L)
                    return futures;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Future<T> f = futures.get(i);
                if (!f.isDone()) {
                    if (nanos <= 0L)
                        return futures;
                    try {
                        f.get(nanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
                    } catch (CancellationException ignore) {
                    } catch (ExecutionException ignore) {
                    } catch (TimeoutException toe) {
                        return futures;
                    }
                    nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                }
            }

BasicUserFilter需要实现Callable接口,因为在方法call里能拿到线程的执行结果,
下面就是并行执行任务了:

        ExecutorService executor = ThreadFactory.getThreadPool();
        List<XXX> userFilterDtoList = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            List<Future<XXX>> futureList = executor.invokeAll(list, TimeOutEnum.FourSecond.getSeconds(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            futureList.stream().forEach(p -> {
                try {
                    Future<XXX> filterDtoFuture = p;
                   //拿到线程执行结果  
                   userFilterDtoList.add(filterDtoFuture.get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
                }
            });
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }

关于多线程笔者还有很多需要去学习,上面是一个工作笔记,关于invokeAll的执行流程、神奇的Future模式,感兴趣的可以阅读源码就能找到答案.

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