python 方法属性化，限制属性@property,@x.setter

class Student(object):
    @property # 函数属性化
    def score(self): # 获取属性
        return self._score # 返回处理后的属性值，一定要有_

    @score.setter # 设置属性
    def score(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int): #判断value类型
            try:
                raise ValueError('score must be an integer!') # 主动抛出异常
            except ValueError as e:
                self._score = e
        elif value < 0 or value > 100:
            try:
                raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
            except ValueError as e:
                self._score = e
        elif 0<=value<=100 and isinstance(value,int):
         		self._score = value


s = Student()
s.score=9999 # 先运行setter,修饰限定score的属性
print(s.score) # 最终得到的值
s.score ='jk'
print(s.score)

上面的修改，直接让输入的数值在0~100之间：

class Student():# 默认object，可以没有括号
    @property
    def score(self):
        return self._score

    @score.setter
    def score(self,grade):
        if not isinstance(grade,int): # 必须先判断数值类型
            try:
                raise TypeError("score must be an integer")
            except TypeError as e:
                self._score = e
        elif grade<0:
            self._score = 0
        elif grade > 100:
            self._score = 100
        elif 0<=grade<=100:
            self._score = grade


s = Student()
s.score = 1000
print(s.score)