container_of宏

/**
* container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
* @ptr:     the pointer to the member.
* @type:     the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
* @member:     the name of the member within the struct.
*
*/
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({             /
         const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);     /
         (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})

container_of在Linux Kernel中的应用非常广泛，它可以根据一个结构体变量中的一个域成员变量的指针来获取指向整个结构体变量的指针

offsetof在stddef.h中定义，获取member成员在type类型中的偏移量

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

typeof是gcc的C语言扩展保留字，用于声明变量类型

const typeof( ((type *)0->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);

例如有一结构如：

struct person {

          char name[10];

          char sex;

}per={"mary",'m'};

container_of(&per.sex,struct person,sex);

让指针_mptr指向实际存在的per.sex      const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);

计算出sex在struct person中的偏移量   (offsetof(type,member))

之后用成员的地址减去成员的偏移量  再强制转化为struct persont类型  即可得到per的入口地址    (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) )