Spring基础知识

Spring的bean定义方式

XMl

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <bean id="dog" class="cc.anti.Dog"></bean>
    <bean id ="people" class="cc.anti.People" >
        <property name="dog" ref="dog"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

package cc.anti;
public class Dog {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "dog";
    }
}

package cc.anti;

import cc.anti.Cat;
import cc.anti.Dog;
public class People {
    private Dog dog;
    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "people+" + cat.toString() +"+" +dog.toString();
    }
}

package cc.anti;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {

    @Test
    public void MyTest(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        People people = context.getBean("people",Cat.class);
        System.out.printf(cat.toString());
    }
}

javaConfig

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 开启自动扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cc.anti.javaConfigTest"/>

</beans>

package cc.anti.javaConfigTest;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration //等价于 <beans> </beans>
public class House {
    @Bean //等价于 <bean> <bean>
    public Door door(){
        return new Door();
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "house";
    }

}

package cc.anti.javaConfigTest;
public class Door {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "door";
    }
}

public void MyJavaConfigTest(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-javaConfig.xml");
    House house = context.getBean("house", House.class);
    System.out.printf(house.toString());
    Door door = context.getBean("door", Door.class);
    System.out.printf(door.toString());
}

注解

@Component : @Service、@Controller等

装配方式

非自动装配

见 Spring的bean定义方式-xml的例子；

自动装配

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
	<!-- autowire 开启自动装配-->
    <bean id="dog" class="cc.anti.Dog"></bean>
    <bean id ="people" class="cc.anti.People" autowire="byName"></bean>

</beans>

package cc.anti;
public class Dog {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "dog";
    }
}

package cc.anti;

import cc.anti.Cat;
import cc.anti.Dog;
public class People {
    private Dog dog;
    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
        this.dog = dog;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "people+" + cat.toString() +"+" +dog.toString();
    }
}

public void MyAutoTest() {
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-auto.xml");
    People people = context.getBean("people", People.class);
    System.out.printf(people.toString());
}

注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解-->
    <context:annotation-config/>

    <bean id="people" class="cc.anti.People" />
    <bean id="dog" class="cc.anti.Dog" />

</beans>

package cc.anti;

public class Dog {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "dog";
    }
}

package cc.anti;

import cc.anti.Cat;
import cc.anti.Dog;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class People {
    @Autowired //注入方式
    private Dog dog;
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "people+" + cat.toString() +"+" +dog.toString();
    }
}

public void MyAutoAnnotateTest() {
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-annotate.xml");
    People people = context.getBean("people", People.class);
    System.out.printf(people.toString());
}

依赖注入方式

setter注入

构造器注入

注解