web 请求处理过程

 

1、/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.26.jar!/javax/servlet/http/HttpServlet.class类的public service()方法，

Dispatches client requests to the protected service method. There's no need to override this method。

将ServletRequest/ServletResponse 转成 HttpServletRequest/HttpServletResponse。

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest  request;
        HttpServletResponse response;

        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ServletException(lStrings.getString("http.non_http"));
        }
        service(request, response);
    }

2、/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.26.jar!/javax/servlet/http/HttpServlet.class类的protected service()方法，Receives standard HTTP requests from the public service method and dispatches them to the do Method methods defined in this class. This method is an HTTP-specific version of the {@link javax.servlet.Servlet#service} method. There's no need to override this method.

根据不同的HTTP请求方法GET/POST/PUT/...等选择相应的处理逻辑。

protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        String method = req.getMethod();

        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
                // to go through further expensive logic
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                    // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set
                    ifModifiedSince = -1;
                }
                if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
                    // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
                    // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
                    // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);

        } else {
            //
            // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
            // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
            //

            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);

            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }

3、/tomcat-embed-core-9.0.26.jar!/javax/servlet/http/HttpServlet.class类，以doGet()方法为例，

这里需要看下注释，（果然还是注释写的好，看不下去的也硬着头皮看吧）

这个doGet()方法是需要被子类重写的，

    /**
     * Called by the server (via the <code>service</code> method) to
     * allow a servlet to handle a GET request.
     *
     * <p>Overriding this method to support a GET request also
     * automatically supports an HTTP HEAD request. A HEAD
     * request is a GET request that returns no body in the
     * response, only the request header fields.
     *
     * <p>When overriding this method, read the request data,
     * write the response headers, get the response's writer or
     * output stream object, and finally, write the response data.
     * It's best to include content type and encoding. When using
     * a <code>PrintWriter</code> object to return the response,
     * set the content type before accessing the
     * <code>PrintWriter</code> object.
     *
     * <p>The servlet container must write the headers before
     * committing the response, because in HTTP the headers must be sent
     * before the response body.
     *
     * <p>Where possible, set the Content-Length header (with the
     * {@link javax.servlet.ServletResponse#setContentLength} method),
     * to allow the servlet container to use a persistent connection
     * to return its response to the client, improving performance.
     * The content length is automatically set if the entire response fits
     * inside the response buffer.
     *
     * <p>When using HTTP 1.1 chunked encoding (which means that the response
     * has a Transfer-Encoding header), do not set the Content-Length header.
     *
     * <p>The GET method should be safe, that is, without
     * any side effects for which users are held responsible.
     * For example, most form queries have no side effects.
     * If a client request is intended to change stored data,
     * the request should use some other HTTP method.
     *
     * <p>The GET method should also be idempotent, meaning
     * that it can be safely repeated. Sometimes making a
     * method safe also makes it idempotent. For example,
     * repeating queries is both safe and idempotent, but
     * buying a product online or modifying data is neither
     * safe nor idempotent.
     *
     * <p>If the request is incorrectly formatted, <code>doGet</code>
     * returns an HTTP "Bad Request" message.
     *
     * @param req   an {@link HttpServletRequest} object that
     *                  contains the request the client has made
     *                  of the servlet
     *
     * @param resp  an {@link HttpServletResponse} object that
     *                  contains the response the servlet sends
     *                  to the client
     *
     * @exception IOException   if an input or output error is
     *                              detected when the servlet handles
     *                              the GET request
     *
     * @exception ServletException  if the request for the GET
     *                                  could not be handled
     *
     * @see javax.servlet.ServletResponse#setContentType
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String protocol = req.getProtocol();
        String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_get_not_supported");
        if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, msg);
        } else {
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_REQUEST, msg);
        }
    }

4、以子类spring-webmvc-5.1.10.RELEASE.jar!/org/springframework/web/servlet/FrameworkServlet.class中的doGet()方法为例，

	@Override
	protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		processRequest(request, response);
	}

接着看processRequest()方法，重点是其中的doService(request, response)方法，

	/**
	 * Process this request, publishing an event regardless of the outcome.
	 * <p>The actual event handling is performed by the abstract
	 * {@link #doService} template method.
	 */
	protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
		Throwable failureCause = null;

		LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
		LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);

		RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
		ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
		asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());

		initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);

		try {
			doService(request, response);
		}
		catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
			failureCause = ex;
			throw ex;
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			failureCause = ex;
			throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
		}

		finally {
			resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
			if (requestAttributes != null) {
				requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
			}
			logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
			publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
		}
	}

doService()方法是一个抽象方法，

	protected abstract void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception;

看下/spring-webmvc-5.1.10.RELEASE.jar!/org/springframework/web/servlet/DispatcherServlet.class中的实现。

5、DispatcherServlet.class中的doService()方法，

	/**
	 * Exposes the DispatcherServlet-specific request attributes and delegates to {@link #doDispatch}
	 * for the actual dispatching.
	 */
	@Override
	protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		logRequest(request);

		// Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include,
		// to be able to restore the original attributes after the include.
		Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
		if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
			attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
			Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
			while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
				String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
				if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
					attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
				}
			}
		}

		// Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects.
		request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
		request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
		request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
		request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());

		if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
			FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
			if (inputFlashMap != null) {
				request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
			}
			request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
			request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
		}

		try {
			doDispatch(request, response);
		}
		finally {
			if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
				if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
					restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
				}
			}
		}
	}

重点是doDispatch(request, response)这个方法，（重点还是在注释上：将请求分发给相应的handler。按顺序遍历servlet的HandlerMappings来确定具体的handler。遍历servlet's installed HandlerAdapters，找到第一个支持handler的那个HandlerAdapter。所有的http方法都要经过这个方法的处理，由HandlerAdapters or handlers themselves来确定具体是handler中的哪个方法。）

即1、Determine handler for the current request，2、Determine handler adapter for the current request，3、Actually invoke the handler。

	/**
	 * Process the actual dispatching to the handler.
	 * <p>The handler will be obtained by applying the servlet's HandlerMappings in order.
	 * The HandlerAdapter will be obtained by querying the servlet's installed HandlerAdapters
	 * to find the first that supports the handler class.
	 * <p>All HTTP methods are handled by this method. It's up to HandlerAdapters or handlers
	 * themselves to decide which methods are acceptable.
	 * @param request current HTTP request
	 * @param response current HTTP response
	 * @throws Exception in case of any kind of processing failure
	 */
	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

				// Determine handler for the current request.
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				if (mappedHandler == null) {
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}

				// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
				String method = request.getMethod();
				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
						return;
					}
				}

				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}

				// Actually invoke the handler.
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
					return;
				}

				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable err) {
				// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
				// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
				dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
			}
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				if (mappedHandler != null) {
					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				}
			}
			else {
				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
				}
			}
		}
	}

其中的重点方法是：

1、调用实际的handle处理逻辑，mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

2、处理结果，processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);

6.1、mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

/spring-webmvc-5.1.10.RELEASE.jar!/org/springframework/web/servlet/mvc/method/AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.class的handle()方法。

6.2、processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);