rsync+inotify

rsync简介
rsync是linux系统下的数据镜像备份工具。使用快速增量备份工具Remote Sync可以远程同步，支持本地复制，或者与其他SSH、rsync主机同步。

rsync	rsync与传统的cp、tar备份方式相比，rsync具有安全性高、备份迅速、支持增量备份等优点，通过rsync可以解决对实时性要求不高的数据备份需求，例如定期的备份文件服务器数据到远端服务器，对本地磁盘定期做数据镜像等。
Inotify	notify是一种强大的、细粒度的、异步的文件系统事件监控机制，linux内核从2.6.13起，加入了Inotify支持，通过Inotify可以监控文件系统中添加、删除，修改、移动等各种细微事件，利用这个内核接口，第三方软件就可以监控文件系统下文件的各种变化情况，而inotify-tools就是这样的一个第三方软件。

环境说明:

服务器类型	IP地址
源服务器	192.168.149.137
目标服务器	192.168.149.140

需求
部署rsync+inotify同步/runtime目录至目标服务器的/NAME/下。这里的NAME是指你的名字，比如你叫tom，则要把/runtime目录同步至目标服务器的/tom/下。

目标服务器

关闭防火墙
[root@host ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@host ~]# setenforce 0
[root@host ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

安装rsync服务端软件
[root@host ~]# yum -y install rsync

配置文件
[root@host ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
[root@host ~]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf 
[root@host ~]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
pidfile = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
secrets file = /etc/rsync.pass

[runtime]
path = /xkq/
comment = sync etc from client
uid = root
gid = root
port = 873 
ignore errors
use chroot = no
read only = no
list = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
auth users = admin
hosts allow = 192.168.149.137

创建用户认证文件
[root@host ~]# echo 'admin:123456' > /etc/rsync.pass
[root@host ~]# cat /etc/rsync.pass
admin:123456

设置文件权限
[root@host ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync*
[root@host ~]# ll /etc/rsync*
-rw-------. 1 root root 377 6月   7 06:44 /etc/rsyncd.conf
-rw-------. 1 root root  13 6月   7 06:46 /etc/rsync.pass

配置rsync服务并设置开机自启动
[root@host ~]# echo 'OPTIONS=""' > /etc/sysconfig/rsyncd
[root@host ~]# vim /lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service 
[root@host ~]# cat /lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service 
[Unit]
Description=fast remote file copy program daemon

[Service]
User=root
Group=root
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/rsyncd
ExecStart=/usr/bin/rsync --daemon --config=/etc/rsyncd.conf --no-detach
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP 
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=30s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

开启服务并设置开机自启
[root@host ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service
[root@host ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@host ~]# ss -antl
State        Recv-Q       Send-Q             Local Address:Port              Peer Address:Port       Process       
LISTEN       0            5                        0.0.0.0:873                    0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                      0.0.0.0:22                     0.0.0.0:*                        
LISTEN       0            5                           [::]:873                       [::]:*                        
LISTEN       0            128                         [::]:22                        [::]:*    

测试

[root@host ~]# mkdir /xkq          
[root@host1 ~]# mkdir /runtime
[root@host1 ~]# cd /runtime/
[root@host1 runtime]# touch xx
[root@host1 runtime]# rsync -avH --port 873 --progress --delete /runtime/ admin@192.168.149.140::runtime --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass
sending incremental file list
./
xx
              0 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=0/2)

sent 109 bytes  received 46 bytes  62.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
[root@host ~]# ls /xkq/
xx

源服务器

关闭防火墙和selinux并安装rsync和inotify-tools
[root@host1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@host1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@host1 ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@host1 ~]# yum -y install epel-release rsync
[root@host1 ~]# yum -y install inotify-tools

创建认证密码文件并设置权限
[root@host1 ~]# echo '123456' > /etc/rsync.pass
[root@host1 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass 

编写监控runtime目录并且发生改变时执行rsync的脚本
[root@host1 ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@host1 ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@host1 scripts]# touch inotify.sh
[root@host1 scripts]# cd ..
[root@host1 /]# cd
[root@host1 ~]# chmod 755 /scripts/inotify.sh 
[root@host1 ~]# ll /scripts/
总用量 0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 6月   7 10:37 inotify.sh
[root@host1 ~]# vim /scripts/inotify.sh 
[root@host1 ~]# cat /scripts/inotify.sh 
host=192.168.149.140    目标服务器的ip(备份服务器)
src=/runtime/       在源服务器上所要监控的备份目录（此处可以自定义，但是要保证存在）
des=runtime       自定义的模块名，需要与目标服务器上定义的同步名称一致
password=/etc/rsync.pass   执行数据同步的密码文件
user=admin    执行数据同步的用户名
inotifywait=/usr/bin/inotifywait

$inotifywait -mrq --timefmt '%Y%m%d %H:%M' --format '%T %w%f%e' -e modify,delete,create,attrib $src \
        | while read files;do
    rsync -avzP --delete  --timeout=100 --password-file=${password} $src $user@$host::$des
        echo "${files} was rsynced" >>/tmp/rsync.log 2>&1
done

使用nohup执行脚本
[root@host1 ~]# nohup bash /scripts/inotify.sh &
[1] 132104
[root@host1 ~]# nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到'nohup.out'

[root@host1 ~]#  ps -ef|grep inotify
root      132104   24183  0 11:27 pts/0    00:00:00 bash /scripts/inotify.sh
root      132105  132104  0 11:27 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq --timefmt %Y%m%d %H:%M --format %T %w%f%e -e modify,delete,create,attrib /runtime
root      132106  132104  0 11:27 pts/0    00:00:00 bash /scripts/inotify.sh
root      137308   24183  0 11:30 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto inotify

[root@host1 ~]# ls /runtime/
xx
[root@host1 ~]# touch /runtime/ff
查看日志
[root@host1 ~]# tail /tmp/rsync.log 
20210607 11:31 /runtime/ffCREATE was rsynced
20210607 11:31 /runtime/ffATTRIB was rsynced

设置监控runtime目录脚本开机自启
[root@host1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@host1 ~]# echo 'nohup /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh' >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@host1 ~]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local

nohup /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh

在目标服务器查看脚本是否成功触发并同步了文件

[root@host ~]# ls /xkq/
runtime  xx