SaltStack高级状态的使用

YAML语言简介

• YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的数据序列化格式，是一个可读性高并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互，用来表达资料序列的编程语言。
  它类似于标准通用标记语言的子集XML的数据描述语言，语法比XML简单很多。

YAML语言的格式如下：

house:
  family:
    name: Doe
    parents:
      - John
      - Jane
    children:
      - Paul
      - Mark
      - Simone
  address:
    number: 34
    street: Main Street
    city: Nowheretown
    zipcode: 12345

YAML的基本规则

• 使用缩进来表示层级关系，每层2个空格，禁止使用TAB键
• 当冒号不是处于最后时，冒号后面必须有一个空格
• 用 - 表示列表，- 的后面必须有一个空格
• 用 # 表示注释

YAML配置文件要放到SaltStack让我们放的位置，可以在SaltStack的 Master 配置文件中查找file_roots即可看到。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
...此处省略N行
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod
...此处省略N行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/{base,test,dev,prod}
[root@master ~]# tree /srv/salt/
/srv/salt/
├── base
├── dev
├── prod
└── test

4 directories, 0 files
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

注意:base是默认的位置，如果file_roots只有一个，则base是必备的且必须叫base，不能改名

用SaltStack配置一个nginx实例

• 在Master上部署sls配置文件并执行

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /srv/salt/base
[root@master ~]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# mkdir -p web/nginx
[root@master base]# cd web/nginx/
[root@master nginx]# touch install.sls
[root@master nginx]# vim install.sls
nginx-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: nginx

nginx-service:
  service.running:
    - name: nginx
    - enable: True

[root@master nginx]# salt 'minion' state.sls web.nginx.install   执行命令,虚拟机不怎么行就多执行几遍
minion:
    Data failed to compile:
----------
    The function "state.sls" is running as PID 70173 and was started at 2021, Jul 05 09:28:47.866396 with jid 20210705092847866396
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

• 在minion上面查看

[root@minion ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-07-05 05:29:41 EDT; 1s ago
 Main PID: 71862 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2 (limit: 11200)
   Memory: 8.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─71862 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           └─71863 nginx: worker process

7月 05 05:29:41 minion systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:29:41 minion nginx[71855]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
7月 05 05:29:41 minion nginx[71855]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
7月 05 05:29:41 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
7月 05 05:29:41 minion systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

top file简介

• 直接通过命令执行sls文件时够自动化吗？答案是否定的，因为我们还要告诉某台主机要执行某个任务，自动化应该是我们让它干活时，它自己就知道哪台主机要干什么活，但是直接通过命令执行sls文件并不能达到这个目的，为了解决这个问题，top file 应运而生。
• top file就是一个入口，top file的文件名可通过在 Master的配置文件中搜索top.sls找出，且此文件必须在 base 环境中，默认情况下此文件必须叫top.sls。
• top file的作用就是告诉对应的主机要干什么活，比如让web服务器启动web服务，让数据库服务器安装mysql等等。

top file 示列:

[root@master nginx]# cd /srv/salt/base/
[root@master base]# vim top.sls
base:      要执行的目录
  'minion':    选择配控的主机
    - web.nginx.install    选择执行文件

• 先关闭minion上面的nginx

[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service 
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2021-07-05 05:36:53 EDT; 2s ago
 Main PID: 71862 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

7月 05 05:29:41 minion systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:29:41 minion nginx[71855]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
7月 05 05:29:41 minion nginx[71855]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
7月 05 05:29:41 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
7月 05 05:29:41 minion systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
7月 05 05:36:53 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:36:53 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
7月 05 05:36:53 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

• 用高级状态执行文件

[root@master base]# salt '*' state.highstate
master:
----------
          ID: states
    Function: no.None
      Result: False
     Comment: No Top file or master_tops data matches found. Please see master log for details.
     Changes:   

Summary for master
------------
Succeeded: 0
Failed:    1
------------
Total states run:     1
Total run time:   0.000 ms
minion:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 05:37:41.757481
    Duration: 773.629 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: Service nginx is already enabled, and is running
     Started: 05:37:42.532618
    Duration: 254.354 ms
     Changes:   
              ----------
              nginx:
                  True

Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (changed=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time:   1.028 s
ERROR: Minions returned with non-zero exit code

注意:若top file里面的目标是用 * 表示的，要注意的是，top file里面的 * 表示的是所有要执行状态的目标，而 salt ‘*’ state.highstate 里面的 * 表示通知所有机器干活，而是否要干活则是由top file来指定的

• 查看minion上面的nginx是否启动

[root@minion ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-07-05 05:37:42 EDT; 1min 36s ago
  Process: 89110 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 89106 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 89102 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 89114 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2 (limit: 11200)
   Memory: 4.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─89114 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           └─89117 nginx: worker process

7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:37:42 minion nginx[89106]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
7月 05 05:37:42 minion nginx[89106]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

高级状态highstate的使用

• 管理SaltStack时一般最常用的管理操作就是执行高级状态

[root@master ~]# salt '*' state.highstate   //生产环境禁止这样使用salt命令

注意:上面让所有人执行高级状态，但实际工作当中，一般不会这么用，工作当中一般都是通知某台或某些台目标主机来执行高级状态，具体是否执行则是由top file来决定的。
若在执行高级状态时加上参数test=True，则它会告诉我们它将会做什么，但是它不会真的去执行这个操作。

• 先关闭minion上面的nginx

[root@minion ~]# systemctl stop nginx.service 
[root@minion ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2021-07-05 05:41:45 EDT; 1s ago
  Process: 89110 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 89106 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 89102 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 89114 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:37:42 minion nginx[89106]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
7月 05 05:37:42 minion nginx[89106]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
7月 05 05:41:45 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:41:45 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
7月 05 05:41:45 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

• 在master上执行高级状态的测试

root@master base]# salt 'minion' state.highstate test=True
minion:
----------
          ID: nginx-install
    Function: pkg.installed
        Name: nginx
      Result: True
     Comment: All specified packages are already installed
     Started: 05:42:30.281820
    Duration: 790.27 ms
     Changes:   
----------
          ID: nginx-service
    Function: service.running
        Name: nginx
      Result: None
     Comment: Service nginx is set to start
     Started: 05:42:31.073531
    Duration: 100.136 ms
     Changes:   

Summary for minion
------------
Succeeded: 2 (unchanged=1)
Failed:    0
------------
Total states run:     2
Total run time: 890.406 ms

• 查看minion上面的nginx是否启动

[root@minion ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2021-07-05 05:41:45 EDT; 1min 20s ago
  Process: 89110 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 89106 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 89102 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 89114 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:37:42 minion nginx[89106]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
7月 05 05:37:42 minion nginx[89106]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
7月 05 05:37:42 minion systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
7月 05 05:41:45 minion systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
7月 05 05:41:45 minion systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
7月 05 05:41:45 minion systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.

没有启动，高级状态并没有执行，只是测试，告诉我们将会做什么