什么是端口?
端口是用来唯一标识应用程序的。
每个应用程序都占了一个端口。
例如,tomcat、mysql等软件
tomcat,默认是8080;
说明:当我们访问一个网站的时候(比如,www.chunwenxue.site),实际上访问的是服务器上的部署在tomcat里面的一个web应用程序。
从端口的角度来讲,web应用程序它不是一个程序,而只是tomcat程序的一部分,这个部分提供了某些功能,如果tomcat部署了多个项目,那么每个项目都提供了一些功能,而已。
刚才提到说在浏览器里输入网址就是在访问一个网站程序(本质上是访问tomcat,更准确地说,是本地的浏览器程序和服务器的tomcat程序在互相通信),但是输入网址时并没有输入端口号啊,这是因为Internate是基于http协议的,而http协议使用的是80端口(其他的应用层协议ftp、smtp等是使用其他的端口),访问一个网址,实际上就是在访问网址:80。
基于以上所述,我们在正式的生产环境,通常都会把tomcat的端口改为80,这样用户在浏览器里输入网址的时候就不用需要输入端口号了。不然的话,如果tomcat的端口是8080,那我们访问一个网址/网站的时候,还要在后面添加上:8080,这样多麻烦啊。
mysql,默认是3306。
……
再例如,netstat命令
netstat命令
C:\Users\Administrator>netstat -an
活动连接
协议 本地地址 外部地址 状态
TCP 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:8009 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49152 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49153 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49154 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49155 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 0.0.0.0:49160 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 10.72.53.105:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 10.72.53.105:50288 209.135.140.128:443 CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:50292 209.135.140.128:443 CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:60911 64.233.189.188:443 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:60926 42.121.253.45:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:60927 42.121.253.45:443 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61187 182.92.197.238:22 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61358 42.121.253.45:443 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61360 119.147.146.168:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61363 114.80.189.13:80 FIN_WAIT_2
TCP 10.72.53.105:61364 114.80.189.13:80 FIN_WAIT_2
TCP 10.72.53.105:61366 114.80.189.13:80 FIN_WAIT_2
TCP 10.72.53.105:61369 42.121.253.45:443 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61375 10.72.53.105:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61386 124.116.181.110:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61387 124.116.181.110:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61392 106.11.20.99:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61393 106.11.20.99:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61396 106.11.20.41:80 CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61397 106.11.20.41:80 CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61400 140.205.179.178:80 CLOSE_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61401 180.149.155.103:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61405 140.205.176.22:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61407 140.205.176.22:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61408 114.112.93.171:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61409 114.112.93.52:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61410 124.116.133.42:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61412 36.110.147.39:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61413 36.110.147.39:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61414 36.110.147.39:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61415 36.110.147.39:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61416 180.149.156.142:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61417 180.149.156.142:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61424 124.116.181.110:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61427 106.11.20.99:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61428 106.11.20.99:80 LAST_ACK
TCP 10.72.53.105:61432 140.205.176.22:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61433 106.11.20.41:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61434 106.11.20.41:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61438 106.11.20.41:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61439 106.11.20.41:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61441 180.149.155.103:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP 10.72.53.105:61442 180.149.155.102:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61444 140.205.176.22:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61445 140.205.176.22:80 LAST_ACK
TCP 10.72.53.105:61446 140.205.176.22:80 CLOSING
TCP 10.72.53.105:61447 140.205.176.22:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61448 140.205.176.22:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 10.72.53.105:61449 140.205.176.22:80 TIME_WAIT
TCP 127.0.0.1:8005 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING
TCP 127.0.0.1:50282 127.0.0.1:50283 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:50283 127.0.0.1:50282 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:55220 127.0.0.1:55221 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:55221 127.0.0.1:55220 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:55539 127.0.0.1:55538 TIME_WAIT
TCP 127.0.0.1:61373 127.0.0.1:61374 ESTABLISHED
TCP 127.0.0.1:61374 127.0.0.1:61373 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::]:80 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:135 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:443 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:445 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:8009 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:49152 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:49153 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:49154 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:49155 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::]:49160 [::]:0 LISTENING
TCP [::1]:80 [::1]:61418 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:80 [::1]:61419 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:80 [::1]:61420 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:80 [::1]:61421 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:80 [::1]:61422 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:80 [::1]:61423 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:61357 [::1]:8080 TIME_WAIT
TCP [::1]:61359 [::1]:8080 TIME_WAIT
TCP [::1]:61362 [::1]:8080 TIME_WAIT
TCP [::1]:61418 [::1]:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:61419 [::1]:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:61420 [::1]:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:61421 [::1]:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:61422 [::1]:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP [::1]:61423 [::1]:80 ESTABLISHED
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61376
ESTABLISHED
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61377
FIN_WAIT_2
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61379
FIN_WAIT_2
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61382
FIN_WAIT_2
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61383
FIN_WAIT_2
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61384
FIN_WAIT_2
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61385
FIN_WAIT_2
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61376 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80
ESTABLISHED
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61377 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80
CLOSE_WAIT
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61379 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80
CLOSE_WAIT
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61382 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80
CLOSE_WAIT
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61383 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80
CLOSE_WAIT
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61384 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80
CLOSE_WAIT
TCP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:61385 [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:80
CLOSE_WAIT
UDP 0.0.0.0:500 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:4500 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:5355 *:*
UDP 0.0.0.0:50941 *:*
UDP 10.72.53.105:137 *:*
UDP 10.72.53.105:138 *:*
UDP 10.72.53.105:1900 *:*
UDP 10.72.53.105:64536 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:1900 *:*
UDP 127.0.0.1:64537 *:*
UDP [::]:500 *:*
UDP [::]:4500 *:*
UDP [::]:5355 *:*
UDP [::1]:1900 *:*
UDP [::1]:64535 *:*
UDP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:1900 *:*
UDP [fe80::6c0e:49d8:4fe9:abe9%11]:64534 *:*
说明:netstus命令,是用于查看哪些端口正在被哪些程序占用。
其中8080端口是被tomcat占用。
netstus命令,刚才说了,是用于查看哪些端口正在被哪些程序占用/使用。注意这句话里的2个字,正在,正在的意思是,这个程序正在运行,对于tomcat而言,我们顺便了解一下这行数据里的3个字段(本地地址、远程地址、协议),
1)本地地址是:0:0:0:0:8080,是服务器端tomcat程序的端口。
2)远程地址是:浏览器的端口。
3)协议:TCP协议(http协议是基于TCP协议的)。
参考:
http://segmentfault.com/q/1010000000209105
http://segmentfault.com/q/1010000000209105
再再例如,套接字编程/网络编程
……