SpringBoot的自动配置原理

SpringBoot的自动配置原理

最近学习一下SpringBoot，上手及其简单的SpringBoot是怎么把以前的配置自动加载的呢
下面分析全是基于SpringBoot的版本是1.5.20.RELEASE

先让我们看看主方法：

@SpringBootApplication
public class Springboot01Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Springboot01Application.class, args);
    }

}

主方法由一个@SpringBootApplication注解了，他是做什么的呢？点进去看看

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

这时候发现一个注解很有意思，@EnableAutoConfiguration 翻译过来就是自动配置，那这个注解有是怎么做到自动配置的，继续点进去看看

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

    String[] excludeName() default {};
}

这里可以看到这个注解，是一个@AutoConfigurationPackage自动配置包。还有一个就是@Import({EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})：Spring的底层注解@Import，给容器中导入一个组件；

点进去看一下

@Deprecated
public class EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector extends AutoConfigurationImportSelector {
    public EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector() {
    }

    protected boolean isEnabled(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
        return this.getClass().equals(EnableAutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) ? (Boolean)this.getEnvironment().getProperty("spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration", Boolean.class, true) : true;
    }
}

他有一个父类，进去看一看。

在他的父类中有这样一个方法：

protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
        List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
        Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
        return configurations;
    }

 protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
        return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
    }

 protected ClassLoader getBeanClassLoader() {
        return this.beanClassLoader;
    }

SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());

这一行就是获取用自动配置加载的配置文件

点进这个方法，我们会发现

public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryClass, ClassLoader classLoader) {
        String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();

        try {
            Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
            ArrayList result = new ArrayList();

            while(urls.hasMoreElements()) {
                URL url = (URL)urls.nextElement();
                Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new UrlResource(url));
                String propertyValue = properties.getProperty(factoryClassName);
                String[] var8 = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(propertyValue);
                int var9 = var8.length;

                for(int var10 = 0; var10 < var9; ++var10) {
                    String factoryName = var8[var10];
                    result.add(factoryName.trim());
                }
            }

            return result;
        } catch (IOException var12) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [META-INF/spring.factories]", var12);
        }
    }

Enumeration urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(“META-INF/spring.factories”) : ClassLoader.getSystemResources(“META-INF/spring.factories”);

原来是获取的META-INF/spring.factories

找到我们就会发现配置了这么多东西，怪不得我们这么省事了呢

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.DeviceDelegatingViewResolverAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mobile.SitePreferenceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.ReactorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.FallbackWebSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.OAuth2AutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.SocialWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.FacebookAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.LinkedInAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.social.TwitterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration

Spring Boot在启动的时候从类路径下的META-INF/spring.factories中获取EnableAutoConfiguration指定的值，将这些值作为自动配置类导入到容器中，自动配置类就生效，帮我们进行自动配置工作；以前我们需要自己配置的东西，自动配置类都帮我们；

竟然这个里面配置了这么多，我们拿出一个来看一看把

以HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（Http编码自动配置）为例解释自动配置原理；

@Configuration   //表示这是一个配置类，以前编写的配置文件一样，也可以给容器中添加组件
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class)  //启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能；将配置文件中对应的值和HttpEncodingProperties绑定起来；并把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中

@ConditionalOnWebApplication //Spring底层@Conditional注解，根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效；    判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效

@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)  //判断当前项目有没有这个类CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC中进行乱码解决的过滤器；

@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)  //判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置  spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判断也是成立的
//即使我们配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默认生效的；
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {
  
  	//他已经和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了
  	private final HttpEncodingProperties properties;
  
   //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿
  	public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) {
		this.properties = properties;
	}
  
    @Bean   //给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从properties中获取
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) //判断容器没有这个组件？
	public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
		CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
		filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
		filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST));
		filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE));
		return filter;
	}

根据当前不同的条件判断，决定这个配置类是否生效？

一但这个配置类生效；这个配置类就会给容器中添加各种组件；这些组件的属性是从对应的properties类中获取的，这些类里面的每一个属性又是和配置文件绑定的；

这里就会有个一配置类，那就是HttpEncodingProperties

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.http.encoding"
)
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
    public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    private Charset charset;
    private Boolean force;
    private Boolean forceRequest;
    private Boolean forceResponse;
    private Map<Locale, Charset> mapping;

所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类

总结

​ 1）、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类

​ 2）、我们看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类；

​ 3）、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件；（只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了）

​ 4）、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值；