Gateway是springcloud 的网管服务

网关的主要作用是
1，隐藏真正的域名和端口号
2，用路径匹配的方式。
3，可以添加过滤器

新建一个Gateway的项目
pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.home</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>gateway</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--<dependency>-->
            <!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
            <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>
                mybatis-spring-boot-starter
            </artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <artifactId>common</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.home</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--<dependency>-->

        <!--<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>-->
        <!--<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>-->
        <!--<version>1.1.9</version>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->
        <!--<dependency>-->
        <!--<groupId>mysql</groupId>-->
        <!--<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->
        <!--<dependency>-->
        <!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
        <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

注意 不能引入spring boot starter web
否则要报错 因为cloud用的是webflux

yml

server:
  port: 3579
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: pay01
          uri: http://localhost:8001
          predicates:
            - Path=/pay/get/**

#    datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#    spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/demo
#    spring.datasource.username = root
#    spring.datasource.password = 123456
#    spring.datasource.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#  datasource:
#    type:
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
#    单机模式
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
#集群模式
#      defaultZone: http://eureka2.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka.com:7001/eureka
  instance:
    instance-id: gateway:3579
    prefer-ip-address: true
#    这个是为了和服务端沟通的频率
#    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 1
#    这个是服务端的耐心
#    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 2
#eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds	# 续约更新时间间隔（默认30秒）
#eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds # 续约到期时间（默认90秒）




#          filters:
#            # {} 是用来取值的
#            - RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}
#
#        - id: oms_route
#          uri: lb://gulimall-oms
#          predicates:
#            - Path=/oms/**
            # filters:
            # - AddResponseHeader=heyijie,666
#        - id: sms_route
#          uri: lb://gulimall-sms
#          predicates:
#            - Path=/sms/**
#        - id: ums_route
#          uri: lb://gulimall-ums
#          predicates:
#            - Path=/ums/**, /api/ums/**
#          filters:
#            # {} 是用来取值的
#            - RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}
#
#        - id: wms_route
#          uri: lb://gulimall-wms
#          predicates:
#            - Path=/wms/**
#        - id: gulimall_search_route
#          uri: lb://gulimall-search
#          predicates:
#            # 可能会有特殊字符转义 \{
#            - Path=/api/search/**
#          filters:
#            - RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*), /$\{segment}

主要配置的一些参数就是 id ；唯一和数据库一样

uri 替代的主机地址和端口号
predicates 也就是匹配的路径。
也就是当别人用gateway
的主机和端口访问 http://localhost:3579/pay/get/1 就会访问到 http://localhost:8001/pay/get/1 主要就是这么个过程。这样配置后就生效了

我们还可以用java
的方式配置

package home.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class Gate {

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("first", r -> r.path("/guoji").uri("https://news.baidu.com/"))
//                        .filters(f -> f.circuitBreaker(c -> c.name("myCircuitBreaker").fallbackUri("forward:/inCaseOfFailureUseThis"))
//                                .rewritePath("/consumingServiceEndpoint", "/backingServiceEndpoint")).uri("lb://backing-service:8088")
                        .build();
    }

}

根据官网提供的demo
我们这样配置也是生效的，如果我们http://localhost:3579/guoji 就会访问到 http://news.baidu.com/guoji。

如何用gateway开启负载均衡

server:
  port: 3579
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: pay01
          uri: lb://pay-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/pay/get/**
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
#    单机模式
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
#集群模式
#      defaultZone: http://eureka2.com:7002/eureka,http://eureka.com:7001/eureka
  instance:
    instance-id: gateway:3579
    prefer-ip-address: true
#    这个是为了和服务端沟通的频率
#    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 1
#    这个是服务端的耐心
#    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 2
#eureka.instance.lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds	# 续约更新时间间隔（默认30秒）
#eureka.instance.lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds # 续约到期时间（默认90秒）

主要是 uri: lb://pay-service 这个配置和
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
开启这个功能，就ok了。

predicates 具体是什么？相当于sql的查询条件。

Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [After]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Before]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Between]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Cookie]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Header]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Host]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Method]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Path]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Query]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [ReadBodyPredicateFactory]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [RemoteAddr]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [Weight]
Loaded RoutePredicateFactory [CloudFoundryRouteService]

这个是启动时候的日志

官网配置的地址
https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-gateway/2.2.2.RELEASE/reference/html/#the-cookie-route-predicate-factory
yml中修改predicates

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: pay01
          uri: lb://pay-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/pay/get/**
#            - Cookie=haha, come
            - Header=shuxing, \d+
            - Method=GET,POST


            - After=2020-05-23T08:11:28.767+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true

测试中curl的使用
curl http://localhost:3579/pay/get/1 --cookie “haha=come” 测试cookie
curl http://localhost:3579/pay/get/1 -H “shuxing:10” 测试Header

下面说说过滤器，和之前的filter差不多
我们写一个全局的过滤器

package home.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
@Component
public class GateFilter implements GlobalFilter,Ordered {
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        String name = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("name");
        if (name == null) {
            System.out.println("非法用户");
            exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
        }

        return chain.filter(
                exchange
        );
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

这个用了注解，不需要配置。可以做校验，也可以做日志的处理。