Android 6.0 最简单的权限获取方法 RxPermition EasyPermition

Easypermissions简化了Android M的运行时权限的申请、结果处理、判断等步骤。

1、相关文档

官方文档

https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions

运行时权限官方文档解释：

https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html

2 为什么使用Easypermissions

随着Android 6.0发布以及普及，我们开发者所要应对的主要就是新版本SDK带来的一些变化，首先关注的就是权限机制的变化。对于6.0以下的权限及在安装的时候，根据权限声明产生一个权限列表，用户只有在同意之后才能完成app的安装，造成了我们想要使用某个app，就要默默忍受其一些不必要的权限（比如是个app都要访问通讯录、短信等）。而在6.0以后，我们可以直接安装，当app需要我们授予不恰当的权限的时候，我们可以予以拒绝（比如：单机的象棋对战，请求访问任何权限，我都是不同意的）。当然你也可以在设置界面对每个app的权限进行查看，以及对单个权限进行授权或者解除授权。

新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。

Normal and Dangerous Permissions解释：

https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/security/permissions.html#normal-dangerous

• Normal Permissions如下
• 
  ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
  ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
  ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
  ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
  BLUETOOTH
  BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
  BROADCAST_STICKY
  CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
  CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
  CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
  DISABLE_KEYGUARD
  EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
  GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
  INSTALL_SHORTCUT
  INTERNET
  KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
  MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
  NFC
  READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
  READ_SYNC_STATS
  RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
  REORDER_TASKS
  REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
  SET_ALARM
  SET_TIME_ZONE
  SET_WALLPAPER
  SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
  TRANSMIT_IR
  UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
  USE_FINGERPRINT
  VIBRATE
  WAKE_LOCK
  WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

-Dangerous Permissions:

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS

permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

group:android.permission-group.PHONE

permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR

permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

group:android.permission-group.CAMERA

permission:android.permission.CAMERA

group:android.permission-group.SENSORS

permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

group:android.permission-group.LOCATION

permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

group:android.permission-group.STORAGE

permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE

permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

group:android.permission-group.SMS

permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

3 如何使用

项目github地址：https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions

首先，添加依赖：

dependencies {
compile ‘pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.3.0’
}

1、检查权限

String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE};
if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {
   //...     
} else {
    //...
}
... 

如果不知道权限名称的可以到Manifest.permission这个类里面查找：

public static final class permission {
        public static final String ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES = "android.permission.ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES";
        public static final String ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION = "android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION";
        public static final String ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION";
        public static final String ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS = "android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS";
        public static final String ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE = "android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE";
        //.......
        }

2、申请权限

@AfterPermissionGranted(RC_CAMERA_AND_WIFI)
private void methodRequiresTwoPermission() {
    String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE};
    if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {
        // Already have permission, do the thing
        // ...
    } else {
        // Do not have permissions, request them now
        EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, getString(R.string.camera_and_wifi_rationale),
                RC_CAMERA_AND_WIFI, perms);
    }
}

3、实现EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks接口，直接处理权限是否成功申请

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks

@Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);
        // Do something after user returned from app settings screen, like showing a Toast.
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
                //权限已经受理
    }

    @Override
    public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {
        // 权限被拒绝
        //如果被永远拒绝的话只能到设置页面设置，此时可以通过以下代码进行申请
        if (EasyPermissions.somePermissionPermanentlyDenied(this, perms)) {
            new AppSettingsDialog.Builder(this).build().show();
        }
    }

4、总结

Easypermissions主要简化了对权限申请结果的处理和判断，直接以接口的方式回调处理结果。不需要再自行进行处理。开始动手尝试一下吧。