开发笔记2-NSURLConnection类的学习

- (BOOL) application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions{
NSLog(@"We are here...");
NSString *urlAsString = @"http://www.yahoo.com";
NSLog(@"Firing synchronous url connection...");
dispatch_queue_t dispatchQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_async(dispatchQueue, ^(void) {
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlAsString];
NSURLRequest *urlRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]; NSURLResponse *response = nil;
NSError *error = nil;
NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:urlRequest returningResponse:&response
error:&error];
if ([data length] > 0 && error == nil){
NSLog(@"%lu bytes of data was returned.", (unsigned long)[data length]); }
else if ([data length] == 0 && error == nil){
NSLog(@"No data was returned."); }
else if (error != nil){
NSLog(@"Error happened = %@", error);
} });
NSLog(@"We are done.");
self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame: [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
return YES;
}

昨天在公司接到的任务是获取指定URL返回的数据，由于返回值简单，我就简单使用NSString类的获取URL初始化的方法获取。但正规的还是的使用NSURLConnection累的方法获取网络数据，今天就单独学习了下NSURLConnection的几种发送请求的方法。

先说明下参考的书《iOS 5 Programming Cookbook》作者Vandad Nahavandipoor，以下摘抄的代码均来自于此书。

1.用NSURLConnection进行异步下载并保存在本地

NSString *urlAsString = @"http://www.apple.com";
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlAsString];
    NSURLRequest *urlRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
    [NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:urlRequest queue:queue completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response,
                                                                                        NSData *data, NSError *error) {
        if ([data length] >0 && error == nil){
            /* Get the documents directory */
            NSString *documentsDir = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory,
                                                                          NSUserDomainMask,
                                                                          YES) objectAtIndex:0];
            /* Append the file name to the documents directory */
            NSString *filePath = [documentsDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"apple.html"];
            /* Write the data to the file */ [data writeToFile:filePath
                                                    atomically:YES];
            NSLog(@"Successfully saved the file to %@", filePath);
        }
        else if ([data length] == 0 &&
                 error == nil){ NSLog(@"Nothing was downloaded.");
        }
        else if (error != nil){
            NSLog(@"Error happened = %@", error); }
    }];

对于自己有几个知识点需要注意：一是发送异步请求方法时需要的参数；二是对于代码快^(){}的理解，像匿名函数，我先这么记着，但肯定没有这么简单，将来在接触到了再做补充；三是将数据保存在本地的方法，如何获取document目录的方法，追加上文件名，数据集合对象应该有写入文件的方法。

2.用NSURLConnection进行同步下载并保存在本地

我边查字典边看说明应该说是同步下载网络数据会阻塞主进程，作者解释说是会阻塞“当前”进程，如果把访问的网络的进程另开辟新的进程中执行的话，不会阻塞主进程的，与异步的差异不是很大，什么差异我的英语能力实在有限没法翻译，先亮出会阻塞主进程的方式：

- (BOOL) application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions{
NSLog(@"We are here...");
NSString *urlAsString = @"http://www.yahoo.com"; NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlAsString];
NSURLRequest *urlRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLResponse *response = nil; NSError *error = nil;
NSLog(@"Firing synchronous url connection...");
NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:urlRequest
returningResponse:&response error:&error];
if ([data length] > 0 && error == nil){
NSLog(@"%lu bytes of data was returned.", (unsigned long)[data length]); }
else if ([data length] == 0 && error == nil){
NSLog(@"No data was returned."); }
else if (error != nil){
NSLog(@"Error happened = %@", error);
}
NSLog(@"We are done.");
self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:
[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
[self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
return YES; }

预计结果如下：

We are here...
Firing synchronous url connection...
194472 bytes of data was returned.
We are done.

再亮出不会阻塞主进程的：

- (BOOL) application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions{
NSLog(@"We are here...");
NSString *urlAsString = @"http://www.yahoo.com";
NSLog(@"Firing synchronous url connection...");
dispatch_queue_t dispatchQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
dispatch_async(dispatchQueue, ^(void) {
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlAsString];
NSURLRequest *urlRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]; NSURLResponse *response = nil;
NSError *error = nil;
NSData *data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:urlRequest returningResponse:&response
error:&error];
if ([data length] > 0 && error == nil){
NSLog(@"%lu bytes of data was returned.", (unsigned long)[data length]); }
else if ([data length] == 0 && error == nil){
NSLog(@"No data was returned."); }
else if (error != nil){
NSLog(@"Error happened = %@", error);
} });
NSLog(@"We are done.");
self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame: [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor]; [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];
return YES;
}

预计结果如下：

We are here...
Firing synchronous url connection...
We are done.
194326 bytes of data was returned.

分析一下，第一段代码因为网络访问就在主进程中，所以知道下完数据才执行的最后一句话：We are done.但是第二段将网络访问进程分发到其他进程中，这个是我的盲区，我还不会多线程开发，记得高中数学老师说过，弄不懂的先承认它！总之是与主进程分开了，结果就是We are done.这句话不用等数据下完就直接打出来了，可见并没有被阻塞。今天的主题不是多线程开发，所以我就不会深究那几个应该是C函数吧，总之是会学习他们的，你给我等着！！~~

3.get和post方式请求数据，基本的访问框架也就是上面的，变化就是NSMutableURLRequest实例的参数设置问题，如：[urlRequest setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];和[urlRequest setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];post方法再多个这个设置NSString *body = @"bodyParam1=BodyValue1&bodyParam2=BodyValue2"; [urlRequest setHTTPBody:[body dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];这样就把数据带上。

总结：今天算是将网络访问入个小门，书是越读越厚，期待读薄的时候。