Foundation 之字符串 NSString和NSMutableString 用法

1.NSString 字符串常用方法
1.0      OC、C字符串类型转换
char *s = @“hello”;
NSString *str = @“hello”;
C->OC:     NSString *str1 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:s];
OC->C:     [str UTF8Strig];
1.1     创建字符串、格式化字符串、拼接字符串、大小写转换
NSString *str = @“Objective-C”; // 自动释放内存
NSString *string = @“你好”;
NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc] init]; // 必须手动释放内存
格式化字符串：[NSString stringWithFormat:@“a=%d, b=%d”, a , b];
拼接字符串：[str stringByAppendingFormat:string];
大小写转换：NSString *str2 = @“aBcDEFG”;
NSString *s = [str2 lowercaseString]; // 转换成小写
NSString *s = [str2 uppercaseString]; // 转换成大写
1.2     判断前后缀、判断两个字符串是否相同、比较字符串(NSComparisonResult)
NSString *str = @“www.baidu.com”;
BOOL isPreFix = [str hasPrefix:@“www.”]; // 判断前缀是否相等
BOOL isSufFix = [str hasSuffix:@“com”]; // 判断后缀是否相等 
判断两个字符串是否相同：[str1 isEqualToString:str2];
1.3     分割、范围截取、拆分字符串
NSString *str = @“a,b,c,d,e,f,g”;
分割：NSString *s = [str componentsSeparatedByString:@“,”];
范围截取：[NSString substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(1,5)]; // 1为截取的位置，5为截取的长度
从某一位开始截取后面的字符串：NSString *str = [s substringFromIndex:2];
从开头截取到某一位：NSString *str = [s substringToIndex:7];
将字符串拆分为每一个字符
for(int i = 0; i < [str length]; i++) {
     NSLog(@“%c”, [s characterAtIndex:i]);
}
1.4     查找、替换
NSString *str = @“ab cd ef gh ht la”;
查找指定字符串的位置： NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:”ab”];
     NSLog(@“range.location=%ld, range.length=%ld”, range.location, range.length);
替换某一范围的内容：NSString *s = [str stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0,5) withString:@“你好”];
指定字符串替换：NSString *s1 = @“hello OC; hello swift”;
// 将s1中 hello 字符串换成 你好
NSString *ss = [s1 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@“hello” withString:@“你好”];
1.5     文件的读取
NSString *url = @“www.bai.com”;
// 网络路径
NSURL *httpUrl = [NSURL URLWithString:url];
// 本地路径
NSURL *fileUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:url];
// 读取网络文件
NSString *httpString = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:httpUrl encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
// 读取本地文件
NSString *fileString = [NSString stringOfWithContentOfFile:@“users/FounderDirectory/文件名.txt” encoding:NSUTF8String error:nil];
// 写入文件
NSString *file = @“Hello Objective-C”;
[file writeToFile:@“users/FounderDirectory/demo.txt” atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
1.6     用0补全
NSInteger count = 5;
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@“%02zd”,count]; // 02代表：如果count不足两位，用0在前面补全(2代表输出的个数)
NSLog(@“%@”,string); // 输出结果为：05
2.NSMutableString 可变字符串常用方法
可变字符串是字符串的子类
NSMutableString *mutString = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithCapacity:10];
[mutString setString:@“Hello”];
1.0     追加字符串、替换字符串、插入字符串、删除字符串
追加字符串：     [mutString appendString:@“world”];
// 追加格式化字符串
int a = 10; [mutString appendFormat:@“%d”,a];
// 替换字符串
NSRange range = [mutString rangeOfString:@“world”];
[str replaceCharactersInRange:range withString:@“iOS”];
// 插入字符串
[mutString insertString:@“A” atIndex:6];
// 删除字符串
NSRange range1 = [mutString rangeOfString:@“AiOS”];

[mutString deleteCharacterInRange:range1];