我们在学习C/C++的时候，会写银行管理系统，java也一样。
这次分享一下银行管理系统的代码和心得
1.类静态属性与方法
public class Bank1 {
private int id; //账号
private double balance; //余额
private double rate; //存款的年利率
private int lastDate; //上次变更的时期
private double accumulation; //余额按类累加之和
private double Accumulate(int date) {
return accumulation+balance*(date-lastDate);
}
public Bank1(int date, int id, double rate) {
this.id=id;
this.rate=rate;
date=0;
}
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
private void Record(int date, double amount) {
accumulation=Accumulate(date);
lastDate=date;
amount=Math.floor((amount*100+0.5)/100);
balance+=amount;
System.out.println(date+"\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance);
}
//存入现金
public void deposit(int date, double amount) {
Record(date, amount);
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(int date, double amount) {
if(amount>balance) {
System.out.println("Error: not enough money");
}
else {
Record(date, -amount);
}
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(int date) {
double interest=Accumulate(date)*rate/365;
if(interest!=0) {
Record(date, interest);
}
accumulation=0;
}
//显示账户信息
public void show() {
System.out.println("#"+id+" "+"balance:"+balance);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bank1 bs0=new Bank1(1, 1235986, 0.015);
bs0.deposit(5, 5000);
bs0.withdraw(25,2000);
bs0.settle(90);
bs0.show();
}
}
2.增添字符串和对象数组
public class SavingsAccount {
private final String id; //账号
private double balance; //余额
private final double rate; //存款的年利率
private Date lastDate; //上次变更余额的时期
private double accumulation; //余额按日累加之和
private static double total;
public SavingsAccount(Date date,String id, double rate) {
lastDate=date;
this.id=id;
this.rate=rate;
accumulation=0;
balance=0;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+" created");
}
public String getId() { return id; }
public double getBalance() { return balance; }
public double getRate() { return rate; }
static double getTotal(){return total;}
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
void record(Date date, double amount,String desc) {
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total+=amount;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance+"\t"+desc);
}
//报告错误信息
void error(StringBuffer msg) {System.out.println("Error(#"+id+"):"+msg);}
//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
double accumulate( Date date) {
return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//存入现金
public void deposit( Date date, double amount, String desc){record(date, amount, desc);};
//取出现金
public void withdraw(Date date, double amount,String desc){
if (amount > getBalance())
System.out.println("Error: not enough money");
else
record(date, -amount,desc);
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle( Date date){
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate/date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
accumulation = 0;
}
//显示账户信息
public void show(){
System.out.println(id+"\tBalance: "+balance);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
//起始日期
Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1);
SavingsAccount account[]={new SavingsAccount (date, "S3755217", 0.015),
new SavingsAccount (date, "02342342", 0.015)
};
//建立几个账户
//SavingsAccount sa0=new SavingsAccount (date, "S3755217", 0.015);
//SavingsAccount sa1=new SavingsAccount (date, "02342342", 0.015);
//11月份的几笔账目
account[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
account[1].deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
//12月份的几笔账目
account[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
account[1].withdraw(new Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
// //结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
System.out.println();
account[0].settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
account[0].show();
System.out.println();
account[1].settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
account[1].show();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Total: "+getTotal() );
}
/*Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount accounts[]={
new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015),
new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
};
int n = accounts.length; //账户总数
//11月份的几笔账目
accounts[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
accounts[1].deposit(new Date( 2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
//12月份的几笔账目
accounts[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
accounts[1].withdraw(new Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
//结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
System.out.println();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
accounts[i].settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
accounts[i].show();
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("Total: "+getTotal());*/
}
class Date {
private int year;
private int month;
private int day;
private int totalDays;
private int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = {0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365};
public Date(int year, int month, int day) {
this.year = year;
this.month = month;
this.day = day;
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
this.show();
System.out.println();
System.exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
public int getYear() {
return year;
}
public int getMonth() {
return month;
}
public int getDay() {
return day;
}
public int getMaxDay() {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
public boolean isLeapYear() {
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
public void show() {
System.out.println(getYear() + "-" + getMonth() + "-" + getDay());
}
int distance(Date date) {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
}
3.继承和派生，抽象出父类，增添子类
public class Account {
private String id; //帐号
private double balance; //余额
private static double total; //所有账户的总金额
public static void main(String args[]){
Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa1=new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa2=new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015);
CreditAccount ca=new CreditAccount(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
//11月份的几笔账目
sa1.deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
ca.withdraw(new Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell");
sa2.deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
//结算信用卡
ca.settle(new Date(2008, 12, 1));
//12月份的几笔账目
ca.deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit");
sa1.deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
//结算所有账户
sa1.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
sa2.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
ca.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
//输出各个账户信息
System.out.println();
sa1.show(); System.out.println();
sa2.show();System.out.println();
ca.show(); System.out.println();
System.out.println("Total: "+getTotal());
}
//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
protected Account(Date date, String id){
this.id=id;
balance=0;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#" + id+ " created");
}
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
protected void record( Date date, double amount, String desc){
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#" +id +"\t"+amount +"\t" +balance +"\t"+desc );
}
//报告错误信息
protected void error( String msg) {
System.out.println("Error(#" +id + "): "+msg);
};
public String getId() { return id; }
public double getBalance() { return balance; }
public static double getTotal() { return total; }
//显示账户信息
public void show() {
System.out.print(id +"\tBalance: "+balance);
}
}
class SavingsAccount extends Account { //储蓄账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double rate; //存款的年利率
//构造函数
public SavingsAccount(Date date, String id, double rate) {
super(date, id);
this.rate = rate;
acc = new Accumulator(date, 0);
}
public double getRate() {
return rate;
}
//存入现金
public void deposit(Date date, double amount, String desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(Date date, double amount, String desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(Date date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate //计算年息
/ date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
}
class CreditAccount extends Account { //信用账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double credit; //信用额度
private double rate; //欠款的日利率
private double fee; //信用卡年费
double getDebt() { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
//构造函数
public CreditAccount(Date date, String id, double credit, double rate, double fee){
super(date, id);
this.credit=credit;
this.rate=rate;
this.fee=fee;
acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
};
public double getCredit() { return credit; }
public double getRate() { return rate; }
public double getFee() { return fee; }
public double getAvailableCredit() { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
//存入现金
public void deposit(Date date, double amount, String desc){
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(Date date, double amount, String desc){
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
//结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(Date date){
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
public void show() {
super.show();
System.out.println("\tAvailable credit:"+getAvailableCredit());
}
}
class Date { //日期类
private int year; //年
private int month; //月
private int day; //日
private int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
public Date(int year, int month, int day){
this.year=year;
this.month=month;
this.day=day;
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
show();
System.out.println();
System.exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
} //用年、月、日构造日期
public int getYear() { return year; }
public int getMonth() { return month; }
public int getDay() { return day; }
public int getMaxDay() {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
} //获得当月有多少天
public boolean isLeapYear() { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println(getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
} //输出当前日期
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
public int distance(Date date) {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
}
class Accumulator { //将某个数值按日累加
private Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
private double value; //数值的当前值
private double sum; //数值按日累加之和
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
public Accumulator(Date date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
sum = 0;
}
//获得到日期date的累加结果
double getSum(Date date) {
return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
void change(Date date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
void reset(Date date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
sum = 0;
}
}
4.多态特性
import java.util.Scanner;
public abstract class Account {
private String id; //帐号
private double balance; //余额
private static double total; //所有账户的总金额
public static void main(String[] args){
Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
Account sa1=new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
Account sa2=new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015);
Account ca=new CreditAccount(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
Account accounts[] = { sa1, sa2, ca };
System.out.println("(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit");
char cmd;
int n=accounts.length;
do {
//显示日期和总金额
date.show();
System.out.println("\tTotal: " + getTotal()+"\tcommand> ");
int index, day;
double amount;
String desc;
Scanner in= new Scanner(System.in );
cmd=in.next().charAt(0);
switch (cmd) {
case 'd': //存入现金
Scanner scanner1= new Scanner(System.in );
index=scanner1.nextInt();
Scanner scanner2= new Scanner(System.in );
amount=scanner2.nextInt();
Scanner scanner3= new Scanner(System.in );
desc=scanner3.nextLine();
accounts[index].deposit(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 'w': //取出现金
Scanner scanner4= new Scanner(System.in );
index=scanner4.nextInt();
Scanner scanner5= new Scanner(System.in );
amount=scanner5.nextInt();
Scanner scanner6= new Scanner(System.in );
desc=scanner6.nextLine();
accounts[index].withdraw(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 's': //查询各账户信息
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
System.out.println("[" +i +"] ");
accounts[i].show();
System.out.println();
}
break;
case 'c': //改变日期
Scanner scanner7= new Scanner(System.in );
day=scanner7.nextInt();
if (day < date.getDay())
System.out.print("You cannot specify a previous day");
else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
System.out.print("Invalid day");
else
date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
break;
case 'n': //进入下个月
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
date = new Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
else
date =new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
accounts[i].settle(date);
break;
}
} while (cmd != 'e');
}
//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
protected Account(Date date, String id){
this.id=id;
balance=0;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#" + id+ " created");
}
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
protected void record( Date date, double amount, String desc){
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#" +id +"\t"+amount +"\t" +balance +"\t"+desc );
}
//报告错误信息
protected void error( String msg) {
System.out.println("Error(#" +id + "): "+msg);
};
public String getId() { return id; }
public double getBalance() { return balance; }
public static double getTotal() { return total; }
//显示账户信息
abstract void deposit(Date date, double amount, String desc);
//取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
abstract void withdraw(Date date, double amount, String desc);
//结算（计算利息、年费等），每月结算一次，date为结算日期
abstract void settle(Date date);
void show() {
}
}
class SavingsAccount extends Account { //储蓄账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double rate; //存款的年利率
//构造函数
public SavingsAccount(Date date, String id, double rate) {
super(date, id);
this.rate = rate;
acc = new Accumulator(date, 0);
}
public double getRate() {
return rate;
}
//存入现金
public void deposit(Date date, double amount, String desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(Date date, double amount, String desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(Date date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate //计算年息
/ date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
public void show() {
super.show();
}
}
class CreditAccount extends Account { //信用账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double credit; //信用额度
private double rate; //欠款的日利率
private double fee; //信用卡年费
double getDebt() { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
//构造函数
public CreditAccount(Date date, String id, double credit, double rate, double fee){
super(date, id);
this.credit=credit;
this.rate=rate;
this.fee=fee;
acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
};
public double getCredit() { return credit; }
public double getRate() { return rate; }
public double getFee() { return fee; }
public double getAvailableCredit() { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
//存入现金
public void deposit(Date date, double amount, String desc){
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(Date date, double amount, String desc){
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
//结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(Date date){
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
public void show() {
super.show();
System.out.println("\tAvailable credit:"+getAvailableCredit());
}
}
class Date { //日期类
private int year; //年
private int month; //月
private int day; //日
private int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
public Date(int year, int month, int day){
this.year=year;
this.month=month;
this.day=day;
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
show();
System.out.println();
System.exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
} //用年、月、日构造日期
public int getYear() { return year; }
public int getMonth() { return month; }
public int getDay() { return day; }
public int getMaxDay() {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
} //获得当月有多少天
public boolean isLeapYear() { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
public void show(){
System.out.println(getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
} //输出当前日期
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
public int distance(Date date) {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
}
class Accumulator { //将某个数值按日累加
private Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
private double value; //数值的当前值
private double sum; //数值按日累加之和
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
public Accumulator(Date date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
sum = 0;
}
//获得到日期date的累加结果
double getSum(Date date) {
return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
void change(Date date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
void reset(Date date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
sum = 0;
}
}
以上就是几个版本的银行管理系统的代码了。
写该任务的心得：
（1）一个程序可以有多个类，但是只有主类（类名与class名相同的类）才能用public修饰，否则会出错，main方法也需要放在该类中。
（2）Java中所有的方法的定义与实现必须都放在一个类中，但是C/C++可以在类中定义，类外实现。
（3）C/C++中不允许类嵌套，但是Java可以有内部类和匿名内部类。
（4）在C/C++中，我们在if判断语句中习惯上 bool值false，true就是0或者1，但是在Java中二者不是相通的，否则会出错。
（5）用C/C++写银行管理系统，我们通常会以多文件的形式，模块化，加上头文件；在java中类似的实现是多个类，放在同一个包里面，不放在同一个包会出错。
（6）还需注意的是输入问题：C/C++的输出，cin，scanf都比较简单，在java中的输入需要scanner类
Scanner x = new Scanner(System.in);（构造一个Scanner对象，其传入参数为System.in ）
然后输入，例如：int i = x.nextInt();//读取一个int数值，调用类的内部方法实现。参数类型不同，方法也不一样，需要注意和区分。
总结：用java实现简单银行管理系统不难，可能比C/C++还简单，主要是注意两者语言细节上的不同，关键还是在于写银行管理系统思路。
如有误，欢迎大家指正！
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