自关联操作 分类：spu/stu模型类

# 类别表 创自关联
class Cate(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="类别名")
    # related_name 是用于反向查询时使用的,
    # 原来: Cate.cid.all() == Cate.subs.all() 便于简化查询
    cid = models.ForeignKey("self",related_name='son', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = "tb_cate"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


# 品牌
class BrandsModel(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=16, verbose_name="品牌名")
    first_name= models.CharField(max_length=5, verbose_name="首字母")
    img = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="图片地址")

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_brands'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name



class SPU(models.Model):
    "商品SPU，如小米手机10；苹果13"
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="spu")
    brand = models.ForeignKey(BrandsModel, on_delete=models.PROTECT, verbose_name='品牌')
    category1 = models.ForeignKey(Cate, on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='cate1_spu', verbose_name='一级类别')
    category2 = models.ForeignKey(Cate, on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='cate2_spu', verbose_name='二级类别')
    category3 = models.ForeignKey(Cate, on_delete=models.PROTECT, related_name='cate3_spu', verbose_name='三级类别')
    comment_num = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="评论量",default=0)
    sales = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="销量",default=0)
    desc_detail = models.TextField(default='', verbose_name='详细介绍')
    desc_pack = models.TextField(default='', verbose_name='包装信息')
    desc_service = models.TextField(default='', verbose_name='售后服务')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_spu'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name



class SKU(models.Model):
    """
    商品表
        名称、描述、价格、库存、商品详情、商品默认图片、分类
    """
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    describe = models.CharField(max_length=500)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)
    stock = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    detail = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    image_default = models.CharField(verbose_name="默认图片的地址", null=True, blank=True,max_length=300)

    is_selling = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    sales = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="销量", default=0)
    # 一级分类
    cate = models.ForeignKey(Cate, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    spu = models.ForeignKey(SPU, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='商品SPU')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_sku'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

## 自关联实例：

# 模型类
class Cate(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField('分类名', max_length=20)
    cid = models.ForeignKey('self', related_name='son', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True)

## 然后自定序列化器 CateSer

视图代码

# 获取自关联一二三级分类
class Category(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        # 获取前端cate_id
        cate_id = request.query_params.get('cid_id')
        # 如果获取到父级的id，则获取下面的信息
        if cate_id:
            cls = Cate.objects.filter(pk=cate_id).first()
            cate2 = cls.son
        # 如果没有参数，通过参数获取所有的顶级父类
        else:
            cate2 = Cate.objects.filter(cid__isnull=True).all()
            # cate2 = Cate.objects.filter(cid=None).all()
        ser = CateSer(cate2, many=True)
        return Response({'code': 200, 'msg': '获取分类成功', 'cate': ser.data})

路由

path('category/', views.Category.as_view())

## 前端代码

<template>
    <div>
        <div>
            <span v-for="(item, i) in cateList" :key="i">
                <el-button @click="Cate2(item.id)">{{ item.name }}</el-button>
            </span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <span v-for="(item, i) in cateList2" :key="i">
                <el-button @click="Cate3(item.id)">{{ item.name }}</el-button>
            </span>
        </div>
        <div>
            <span v-for="(item, i) in cateList3" :key="i">
                <router-link :to="{ name: 'Index2', params: { cid_id: item.id } }">
                    <el-button>{{ item.name }}</el-button>
                </router-link>
            </span>
        </div>
    </div>
</template>


    data() {
        return {
            cateList: [],    # 一级分类
            cateList2: [],    # 二级分类
            cateList3: [],    # 三级分类
        };
    },

    methods: {
        Cate() {
            axios.get('/books/category/')
                .then((resp) => {
                    console.log(resp)
                    this.cateList = resp.data.cate
                }).catch((err) => {
                    console.log(err)
                });
        },
        Cate2(id) {
            axios.get('/books/category/?cid_id=' + id)
                .then((resp) => {
                    console.log(resp)
                    this.cateList2 = resp.data.cate
                }).catch((err) => {
                    console.log(err)
                });
        },
        Cate3(id) {
            axios.get('/books/category/?cid_id=' + id)
                .then((resp) => {
                    console.log(resp)
                    this.cateList3 = resp.data.cate
                }).catch((err) => {
                    console.log(err)
                });
        }
    },