笔记---Spring

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已于 2022-05-18 10:52:06 修改

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分类专栏：笔记文章标签： spring xml java

于 2022-05-17 22:52:46 首次发布

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本文详细介绍了如何在Spring框架中通过XML配置创建对象，包括bean的定义、属性注入以及别名设置。同时，讲解了依赖注入的多种方式，如set注入、p标签注入和c标签注入。此外，还提及了Bean的作用域和Spring的自动装配机制，如byName和byType。

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Spring

一、使用Spring创建对象

1.1 xml创建bean

想使用spring配置必须导入spring-context

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.20</version>
</dependency>

xml 头文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
</beans>

创建bean实例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="hello" class="com.betterAb.dto.Hello">
        <property name="str" value="hello" />
    </bean>
    <!--bean标签中的name为别名,且能取多个-->
    <bean id="hi" class="com.betterAb.dto.Hello" name="userOne,userFour">
        <property name="str" value="hello2"/>
    </bean>
    <!--bean的别名-->
    <alias name="hello" alias="userTwo"/>
    <alias name="hi" alias="userThree"/>
    <!--import导入多个xml,最后合并为一个bean的配置-->
    <import resource="beans.xml"/>
</beans>

property:字段

name: 字段名

value:字段值

ref:引用（引用spring其他的bean）

实例化容器

//获取spring的上下文对象
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

1.2 依赖注入

准备

public class Address {
    private String location;

    public String getLocation() {
        return location;
    }

    public void setLocation(String location) {
        this.location = location;
    }
}

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;
 	...(get(),set())
 }

set注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="student" class="com.betterAb.dto.Student">

        <!--1.普通值注入-->
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>

        <!--2.引用类型使用ref注入-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

        <!--3.数组注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>三国演义</value>
                <value>水浒传</value>
                <value>西游记</value>
                <value>红楼梦</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!--4.List注入-->
        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>足球</value>
                <value>篮球</value>
                <value>乒乓球</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!--5.Map注入-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="学生卡" value="1000449563"/>
                <entry key="工卡" value="220373"/>
                <entry key="身份证" value="620103199609200311"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!--6.Set注入-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>荒野大镖客</value>
                <value>英雄联盟</value>
                <value>坦克世界</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!--7.空值注入-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>

        <!--8.Properties注入-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">20190525</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男性</prop>
                <prop key="username">staff_id</prop>
                <prop key="password">npmHR1236</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>


    <bean id="address" class="com.betterAb.dto.Address">
        <property name="location" value="杭州"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

p标签,c标签注入

p标签注入(------>set注入)

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"   <------------p
       
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean name="user" class="com.betterAb.dto.User" p:mess="ok" p:password="npmHR1236" p:status="true" p:username="张三"/>
    
</beans>

c标签注入(-------->构造器注入,需要构造方法)

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"   <-------------c
       
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <bean id="user" class="com.betterAb.dto.User" c:_0="张三" c:_1="npmHR1236" c:_2="ok" c:_3="false"/>

</beans>

1.3 Bean作用域

在这里插入图片描述

1.4 Spring自动装配

byName

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="student" class="com.betterAb.pojo.Student" autowire="byName">
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="address" class="com.betterAb.pojo.Address">
        <property name="location" value="上海"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

byType

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="student" class="com.betterAb.pojo.Student" autowire="byType">
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    </bean>
    //byType可以省略要装配的id
    <bean class="com.betterAb.pojo.Address">
        <property name="location" value="上海"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

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笔记---Spring

Spring一、使用Spring创建对象1.1 xml创建bean想使用spring配置必须导入spring-context<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.3.20</version></dependency&gt
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