第四章 设计模式--建造者模式

建造者模式简介

代码示例

jdk 中是使用 builder 模式

1、定义：将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。

用户只需指定需要建造的类型就可以得到它们，建造过程不需要了解。

类型：创建型。

适用市场：

1、一个对象有非常复杂的内部结构

2、想把复杂对象的创建和使用分离

优点：

封装性好，创建和使用分离

扩展型好、建造类之间独立、一定程度上解耦。

缺点：

会产生多余的Builder 对象

产品内部发生变化，建造者都需要修改，成本较大

建造者模式和工厂模式的区别

1、建造者模式更注重方法的创建顺序，而工厂模式更注重于创建产品。

2、创建对象力度不同。建造者模式创建的对象一般更复杂，工厂模式创建的产品都是一个样子。

3、关注点。工厂模式只需要关注把对象创建出来即可。建造者模式 不止是把产品创造出来，还需要关注 组成元素。

代码示例

/**
 * @program: adpn-pattern->Computer
 * @description: 电脑类
 * @author: Jstar
 * @create: 2019-11-20 12:42
 **/
public class Computer {
    private String computerName;
    private String computerSoftware;
    //主板
    private String computerMotherBoard;
    //电源
    private String computerPowerSupply;
    //键盘
    private String computerKeyBoard;

    public String getComputerName() {
        return computerName;
    }

    public void setComputerName(String computerName) {
        this.computerName = computerName;
    }

    public String getComputerSoftware() {
        return computerSoftware;
    }

    public Computer setComputerSoftware(String computerSoftware) {
        this.computerSoftware = computerSoftware;
    }
    public String getComputerMotherBoard() {
        return computerMotherBoard;
    }
    public void setComputerMotherBoard(String computerMotherBoard) {
        this.computerMotherBoard = computerMotherBoard;
    }
    public String getComputerPowerSupply() {
        return computerPowerSupply;
    }
    public void setComputerPowerSupply(String computerPowerSupply) {
        this.computerPowerSupply = computerPowerSupply;
    }
    public String getComputerKeyBoard() {
        return computerKeyBoard;
    }
    public void setComputerKeyBoard(String computerKeyBoard) {
        this.computerKeyBoard = computerKeyBoard;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Computer{" +
                "computerName='" + computerName + '\'' +
                ", computerSoftware='" + computerSoftware + '\'' +
                ", computerMotherBoard='" + computerMotherBoard + '\'' +
                ", computerPowerSupply='" + computerPowerSupply + '\'' +
                ", computerKeyBoard='" + computerKeyBoard + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

/**
 * @program: adpn-pattern->ComputerBuilder
 * @description: 电脑创建者
 * @author: Jstar
 * @create: 2019-11-20 12:49
 **/
public abstract class ComputerBuilder {

    public abstract void buildComputerName (String computerName);
    public abstract void buildComputerSoftware (String computerSoftware);
    public abstract void buildComputerMotherBoard (String computerMotherBoard);
    public abstract void buildComputerPowerSupply (String computerPowerSupply);
    public abstract void buildComputerKeyBoard (String computerKeyBoard);
    public abstract Computer makeComputer();

}

/**
 * @program: adpn-pattern->ThinkpadComputerBuilder
 * @description: 实际的电脑建造者
 * @author: Jstar
 * @create: 2019-11-24 08:50
 **/
public class AacturalComputerBuilder extends ComputerBuilder{

    private Computer computer= new  Computer();
    @Override
    public void buildComputerName(String computerName) {
        computer.setComputerName(computerName);
    }
    @Override
    public void buildComputerSoftware(String computerSoftware) {
        computer.setComputerSoftware(computerSoftware);
    }
    @Override
    public void buildComputerMotherBoard(String computerMotherBoard) {
        computer.setComputerMotherBoard(computerMotherBoard);
    }
    @Override
    public void buildComputerPowerSupply(String computerPowerSupply) {
        computer.setComputerPowerSupply(computerPowerSupply);
    }
    @Override
    public void buildComputerKeyBoard(String computerKeyBoard) {
        computer.setComputerKeyBoard(computerKeyBoard);
    }
    @Override
    public Computer makeComputer() {
        return computer;
    }
}

/**
 * @program: adpn-pattern->MiddleUser
 * @description: 中间人代理联系生产电脑
 * @author: Jstar
 * @create: 2019-11-24 09:08
 **/
public class MiddleUser {
    private ComputerBuilder computerBuilder;

    public void setComputerBuilder(ComputerBuilder computerBuilder) {
        this.computerBuilder = computerBuilder;
    }
    private String computerName;
    private String computerSoftware;
    //主板
    private String computerMotherBoard;
    //电源
    private String computerPowerSupply;
    //键盘
    private String computerKeyBoard;

    public Computer makeComputer(String computerName,String computerSoftware,String computerMotherBoard,
                    String computerPowerSupply ,String computerKeyBoard ){
        this.computerBuilder.buildComputerName(computerName);
        this.computerBuilder.buildComputerKeyBoard(computerKeyBoard);
        this.computerBuilder.buildComputerMotherBoard(computerMotherBoard);
        this.computerBuilder.buildComputerPowerSupply(computerPowerSupply);
        this.computerBuilder.buildComputerSoftware(computerSoftware);
        Computer computer = this.computerBuilder.makeComputer();
        return computer;
    }
}

/**
 * @program: adpn-pattern->Test
 * @description: 测试类
 * @author: Jstar
 * @create: 2019-11-24 08:55
 **/
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ComputerBuilder builder=new AacturalComputerBuilder();
        MiddleUser middleUser = new MiddleUser();
        middleUser.setComputerBuilder(builder);
        Computer computer = middleUser.makeComputer("联想电脑", "联想软件", "联想主板",
                "联想电源", "联想键盘");
        System.out.println(computer);
    }
}

看一下实例的UML图：

运行看一下结果：

一个实例的电脑已经创建了，这就是建造者的标准模式。
但是这种建造模式，传参的时候容易错位，导致错误，下面我们来做一个演进版。

/**
 * @program: adpn-pattern->Computer
 * @description: 演进版电脑类
 * @author: Jstar
 * @create: 2019-11-24 09:31
 **/
public class Computer {
    private String computerName;
    private String computerSoftware;
    private String computerMotherBoard;
    private String computerPowerSupply;
    private String computerKeyBoard;

    public Computer(ComputerBuilder builder){
        this.computerName=builder.computerName;
        this.computerSoftware=builder.computerSoftware;
        this.computerMotherBoard=builder.computerMotherBoard;
        this.computerPowerSupply=builder.computerPowerSupply;
        this.computerKeyBoard=builder.computerKeyBoard;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Computer{" +
                "computerName='" + computerName + '\'' +
                ", computerSoftware='" + computerSoftware + '\'' +
                ", computerMotherBoard='" + computerMotherBoard + '\'' +
                ", computerPowerSupply='" + computerPowerSupply + '\'' +
                ", computerKeyBoard='" + computerKeyBoard + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public static class ComputerBuilder{

        private String computerName;
        private String computerSoftware;
        private String computerMotherBoard;
        private String computerPowerSupply;
        private String computerKeyBoard;

        public ComputerBuilder buildComputerName(String computerName) {
            this.computerName = computerName;
            return this;
        }
        public ComputerBuilder buildComputerSoftware(String computerSoftware) {
            this.computerSoftware = computerSoftware;
            return this;
        }
        public ComputerBuilder buildComputerMotherBoard(String computerMotherBoard) {
            this.computerMotherBoard=computerMotherBoard;
            return this;
        }
        public ComputerBuilder buildComputerPowerSupply(String computerPowerSupply) {
            this.computerPowerSupply=computerPowerSupply;
            return this;
        }
        public ComputerBuilder buildComputerKeyBoard(String computerKeyBoard) {
            this.computerKeyBoard=computerKeyBoard;
            return this;
        }

        public Computer build (){
            return new Computer(this);
        }

    }
}

//测试类
public class NewTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Computer computer = new Computer.ComputerBuilder().buildComputerName("惠普电脑名称").buildComputerSoftware("软件").buildComputerPowerSupply("电源")
                .buildComputerKeyBoard("键盘").buildComputerMotherBoard("主板").build();
        System.out.println(computer);
    }
}

查看一下uml图：

现在调用关系就很明了，也不容易存在误传值的情况。
运行结果：

jdk 中是使用 builder 模式

1、在StringBuilder和StringBuffer中都是 builder 模式：


2、Immutable 使用建造者模式
add() 方法返回的是 Builder 类本身。

运行结果：

[s1, s2, s3]

3、Mybatis 中 SqlSessionFactoryBuilder关于 建造者模式

首先是一些build()方法返回的都是SqlSessionFactory 对象

我们来看一下第三个方法：

var5 = this.build(parser.parse());

mybatis 是通过XMLConfigBuilder 进行装配一系列参数。