模拟实现atoi、itoa

atoi：
先来罗列一下所有被转换的字符串可能的形式：

"     +5623852365223" // 溢出，无效值，ret=0
"     +5623"          // 正常，ret=5623
"-5592"               // 正常 ret=5592
"+321"                // 正常 ret=321
"/5262-22"            // 无效值 ret=0
"456413      "        // 正常 ret=456413
"fdf"                 // 无效值 ret=0
"4564fgh"             // 无效值 ret=4564
"g4564fgh"            // 无效值 ret=0
"456   456"           // 正常 ret=456456
"45fgh64"             // 无效值 ret=45
"+2147483647"         // 正常 ret=2147483647

//把字符串转换成整数atoi
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
enum status{ VALID=0,INVALID};
int flag = VALID;//标识是否为有效值

int StrToInt(const char *str)
{
    long long ret = 0;//转换后的值
    int Symbol = 1;//判断符号
    flag = VALID;
    if (str == NULL || *str == '\0')
    {
        flag = INVALID;
        cout << flag << " ";
        return 0;
    }
    //跳过空格
    while (isspace(*str))
        ++str;
    //判断符号
    if (*str == '+')
        str++;
    else if (*str == '-')
    {
        Symbol = -1;
        str++;
    }
    //不合法字符
    else if (*str < '0' || *str > '9')
    {
        flag = INVALID;
        cout << flag << " ";
        return 0;
    }
    //正常情况
    while (*str != '\0' && *str >= '0' && *str <= '9')
    {
        ret = ret * 10 + (*str - '0');
        str++;
        //跳过空格
        while (isspace(*str))
        {
            ++str;
        }   
        if (*str != '\0' && (*str < '0' || *str > '9'))
        {
            flag = INVALID;
            cout << flag << " ";
            return (int)(ret*Symbol);
        }
    }
    ret = ret*Symbol;
    //判断是否溢出
    if (ret > 0x7fffffff && Symbol == 1 || ret < (signed int)0x80000000 && Symbol == -1)
    {
        flag = INVALID;
        cout << flag << " ";
        return 0;
    }
    cout << flag << " ";
    return (int)ret;
}
//测试用例
int main()
{
    cout << StrToInt("     +5623852365223")<<endl;
    cout << StrToInt("-5592") << endl;
    cout << StrToInt("+321") << endl;
    cout << StrToInt("/5262-22") <<endl;
    cout << StrToInt("456413      ") << endl;
    cout << StrToInt("fdf") << endl;
    cout << StrToInt("4564fgh") << endl;
    cout << StrToInt("g4564fgh") <<endl;
    cout << StrToInt("456   456") <<endl;
    cout << StrToInt("45fgh64") << endl;
    cout << StrToInt("+2147483647") << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

itoa：

//把整数转换成字符串itoa
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
void Reverse(char *str)
{
    char *start = str;
    char *end = str;
    while (*end != '\0')
        ++end;
    --end;
    while (start < end)
    {
        std::swap(*start, *end);
        ++start;
        --end;
    }
}
char *Itoa(int val,char *str,int radix)
{
    char flag=0;
    char tmp[37] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
    int i = 0;
    unsigned int num;
    if (radix<2 || radix>36)
    {
        cout << "error radix" << endl;
        return str;
    }
    if (radix == 10 && val < 0)//十进制且是负数时需要处理符号
        flag = '-';
    num = unsigned(val);//主要针对负数（将负数转为无符号整型）
    while (num)
    {
        str[i++] = tmp[num%radix];
        num /= radix;
    }
    if (flag == '-')
        str[i++] = '-';
    str[i] = '\0';
    Reverse(str);
    return str;
}
int main()
{
    char str[100] = { 0 };
    cout<<Itoa(10, str, 2)<<endl;
    cout<<_itoa(-10, str, 2)<<endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}