837. New 21 Game

Description

Alice plays the following game, loosely based on the card game “21”.

Alice starts with 0 points, and draws numbers while she has less than K points. During each draw, she gains an integer number of points randomly from the range [1, W], where W is an integer. Each draw is independent and the outcomes have equal probabilities.

Alice stops drawing numbers when she gets K or more points. What is the probability that she has N or less points?

Example 1:

Input: N = 10, K = 1, W = 10
Output: 1.00000
Explanation: Alice gets a single card, then stops.
Example 2:

Input: N = 6, K = 1, W = 10
Output: 0.60000
Explanation: Alice gets a single card, then stops.
In 6 out of W = 10 possibilities, she is at or below N = 6 points.
Example 3:

Input: N = 21, K = 17, W = 10
Output: 0.73278
Note:

0 <= K <= N <= 10000
1 <= W <= 10000
Answers will be accepted as correct if they are within 10^-5 of the correct answer.
The judging time limit has been reduced for this question.

Problem URL

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Solution

一个类似于21点的游戏。一开始0分，在小于K分的时候抽卡，每次抽到的卡的范围是1-W，每次抽卡独立概率相等，当抽到大于等于1分之后停止抽卡，问得到N分或更少分数的概率。

Using a dp array to contain the probability to get this much points. Count them iteratively till N which bigger than K.

Code

class Solution {
    public double new21Game(int N, int K, int W) {
        if (K == 0 || N >= K - 1 + W){
            return 1.0;
        }
        //dp[i]: probability of get points i. dp[i] = sum(last W dp values) / W
        double[] dp = new double[N + 1];
        double wSum = 1, res = 0;
        dp[0] = 1;
        for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++){
            dp[i] = wSum / W;
            if (i < K){
                wSum += dp[i];
            }
            else{
                res += dp[i];
            }
            if (i - W >= 0){
                wSum -= dp[i - W];
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

Time Complexity: O(N)
Space Complexity: O(N)

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