用现代数学的语言来说明的话,中国剩余定理给出了以下的一元线性同余方程组:
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D189/sign=a6b9360a4234970a43731427accad1c0/80cb39dbb6fd5266de7cc231a818972bd40736bb.jpg)
有解的判定条件,并用
构造法给出了在有解情况下解的具体形式。
设
是整数
m
1,
m
2, ... ,
m
n的乘积,并设
是除了
m
i以外的
n- 1个整数的乘积。
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D223/sign=afd164d67a310a55c024d9f684444387/7af40ad162d9f2d30fcbdacaaaec8a136327cc39.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D203/sign=56bcfe3fc55c1038207ec9c28110931c/91ef76c6a7efce1b22fa36efac51f3deb58f65c6.jpg)
设
为
模
的数论倒数(
为
模
意义下的逆元)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D59/sign=98cf0fe8ff039245a5b5e10687947d4e/562c11dfa9ec8a133826aec5f403918fa0ecc0d3.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=3421af3261d0f703e2b292dc08fa9d75/91ef76c6a7efce1b232431efac51f3deb48f658c.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D17/sign=9757be9e4410b912bbc1f2f9c3fd6213/f3d3572c11dfa9ecd055af3261d0f703918fc198.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D14/sign=600e2894abcc7cd9fe2d30dd3801d19f/dcc451da81cb39db7a5c542fd8160924ab18302e.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=987bd370be003af349badb60342ace9c/d0c8a786c9177f3ec9a1cf7478cf3bc79f3d5635.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D17/sign=41ce7c820246f21fcd345a54f624e601/dc54564e9258d10925da9bcbd958ccbf6c814d89.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D270/sign=1e2b1996a1ec8a13101a50e7c7039157/5ab5c9ea15ce36d39c3ebe4932f33a87e950b194.jpg)
方程组
的通解形式为
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=b30da9ccf1d3572c62e29bdc8b1383a3/9a504fc2d56285355c012c0493ef76c6a7ef6336.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D486/sign=cb3ee938d72a283447a637036db5c92e/2fdda3cc7cd98d10aa8ef514223fb80e7bec90b9.jpg)
在模
的意义下,方程组
只有一个解:
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D16/sign=e44c04e9c0cec3fd8f3ea373d6887f24/a8ec8a13632762d0aa5d5d9aa3ec08fa513dc6b0.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=b30da9ccf1d3572c62e29bdc8b1383a3/9a504fc2d56285355c012c0493ef76c6a7ef6336.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D162/sign=6e46f98494510fb37c197391eb32c893/8ad4b31c8701a18b0f5da572942f07082838fe5d.jpg)
从假设可知,对任何
,由于
,所以
这说明存在整数
使得
这样的
叫做
模
的数论倒数。考察乘积
可知:
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D97/sign=3ad7cb1d2b381f309a1981aea801b040/d1a20cf431adcbefd2f18723afaf2edda2cc9fca.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D270/sign=609f4d1f1ad8bc3ec20801cdb28ba6c8/80cb39dbb6fd5266dc08c431a818972bd40736f7.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D113/sign=faff4981a7c27d1ea1263fc528d4adaf/eac4b74543a98226e13cd0028982b9014a90eb12.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D14/sign=d9306344f0deb48fff69a5daf11f3892/5bafa40f4bfbfbed8faecf5a7bf0f736afc31f1b.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D147/sign=9756be98aa773912c0268165cf198675/908fa0ec08fa513d47c294fb3e6d55fbb2fbd9af.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D14/sign=d9306344f0deb48fff69a5daf11f3892/5bafa40f4bfbfbed8faecf5a7bf0f736afc31f1b.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=3421af3261d0f703e2b292dc08fa9d75/91ef76c6a7efce1b232431efac51f3deb48f658c.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D17/sign=9757be9e4410b912bbc1f2f9c3fd6213/f3d3572c11dfa9ecd055af3261d0f703918fc198.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D44/sign=07a1811d6d061d957946363c7af48aeb/00e93901213fb80ed54c99f235d12f2eb9389472.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D218/sign=e0278ebc8126cffc6d2ab8b381014a7d/0bd162d9f2d3572c46bd64f98913632762d0c3bc.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D326/sign=0ec8ad3261d0f703e2b293de3efb5148/d52a2834349b033bdf6e07ff16ce36d3d539bd35.jpg)
所以
满足:
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D249/sign=903964f98913632711edc537a88ea056/d8f9d72a6059252d55cce521379b033b5bb5b938.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D484/sign=5985424197eef01f491419cdd4fe99e0/c8177f3e6709c93d9dc5f5d29c3df8dcd10054e4.jpg)
这说明
就是方程组
的一个解。
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D9/sign=c8821b9dd73f8794d7ff441fd2212c/562c11dfa9ec8a1339e0afc5f403918fa0ecc019.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=b30da9ccf1d3572c62e29bdc8b1383a3/9a504fc2d56285355c012c0493ef76c6a7ef6336.jpg)
另外,假设
和
都是方程组
的解,那么:
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D14/sign=063e2deb9a25bc312f5d059c5fdf3091/aec379310a55b319c00f7a5040a98226cffc1724.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D15/sign=37515f9aa3ec08fa220017a259ee9a18/9c16fdfaaf51f3de74dd424197eef01f3a2979ac.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=b30da9ccf1d3572c62e29bdc8b1383a3/9a504fc2d56285355c012c0493ef76c6a7ef6336.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D286/sign=e408cd5a7bf0f736dcfe4b093c55b382/a8014c086e061d954517cc1d78f40ad162d9ca46.jpg)
而
两两互质,这说明
整除
. 所以方程组
的任何两个解之间必然相差
的整数倍。而另一方面,
是一个解,同时所有形式为:
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D98/sign=a72c635ed21373f0f13f6397a40f5c39/f31fbe096b63f6241d0fc2268444ebf81a4ca341.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D79/sign=3b2c25d1b44543a9f11bf8c51e17ac01/5ab5c9ea15ce36d35d0c781539f33a87e950b18f.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D47/sign=e46587410a23dd542573a66fd00908c3/b64543a98226cffc31614497ba014a90f603ea48.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=b30da9ccf1d3572c62e29bdc8b1383a3/9a504fc2d56285355c012c0493ef76c6a7ef6336.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D16/sign=108f01e91d178a82ca3c7ba6f703a8f0/c75c10385343fbf220b85d06b37eca8065388f7b.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D249/sign=4942503a040828386c0ddb108199a964/08f790529822720e62ce19df78cb0a46f21fab97.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D456/sign=157a6144f0deb48fff69a0dbc61e3aef/314e251f95cad1c84f0607027c3e6709c93d5152.jpg)
的整数也是方程组
的解。所以方程组所有的解的集合就是:
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D20/sign=b30da9ccf1d3572c62e29bdc8b1383a3/9a504fc2d56285355c012c0493ef76c6a7ef6336.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D192/sign=9a07635ed21373f0f13f6b96960f4b8b/29381f30e924b899e245821d6d061d950a7bf69e.jpg)