x , y ∈ R x,y\in\R x,y∈R
Base Form
- ∣ x + y ∣ ≤ ∣ x ∣ + ∣ y ∣ |x+y|≤|x|+|y| ∣x+y∣≤∣x∣+∣y∣
Variant 1
- ∣ ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ∣ ≤ ∣ x − y ∣ ||x|-|y|| ≤ |x- y| ∣∣x∣−∣y∣∣≤∣x−y∣
Proof
We use the technique of “adding 0 0 0 wisely”
- x = x − y + y x = x-y+y x=x−y+y, so ∣ x ∣ = ∣ ( x − y ) + y ∣ ≤ ∣ x − y ∣ + ∣ y ∣ |x|=|(x-y) + y | ≤ |x-y|+|y| ∣x∣=∣(x−y)+y∣≤∣x−y∣+∣y∣ by base form, so ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ≤ ∣ x − y ∣ |x|-|y| ≤ |x-y| ∣x∣−∣y∣≤∣x−y∣
- y = y − x + x y = y-x+x y=y−x+x, so ∣ y ∣ = ∣ ( y − x ) + x ∣ ≤ ∣ x − y ∣ + ∣ y ∣ |y|=|(y-x)+x|≤|x-y| + |y| ∣y∣=∣(y−x)+x∣≤∣x−y∣+∣y∣, so ∣ y ∣ − ∣ x ∣ ≤ ∣ x − y ∣ ⟹ ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ≥ − ∣ x − y ∣ |y|-|x|≤|x-y|\implies |x|-|y|≥-|x-y| ∣y∣−∣x∣≤∣x−y∣⟹∣x∣−∣y∣≥−∣x−y∣
- So − ∣ x − y ∣ ≤ ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ≤ ∣ x − y ∣ ⟹ ∣ ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ∣ ≤ ∣ x − y ∣ -|x-y|≤|x|-|y|≤|x-y|\implies ||x|-|y|| ≤ |x-y| −∣x−y∣≤∣x∣−∣y∣≤∣x−y∣⟹∣∣x∣−∣y∣∣≤∣x−y∣
Variant 2
- ∣ ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ∣ ≤ ∣ x + y ∣ ||x|-|y|| ≤|x+y| ∣∣x∣−∣y∣∣≤∣x+y∣
Proof
- x = x + y − y ⟹ ∣ x ∣ = ∣ ( x + y ) + ( − y ) ∣ ≤ ∣ x + y ∣ + ∣ y ∣ ⟹ ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ≤ ∣ x + y ∣ x=x+y - y\implies |x| = |(x+y) + (-y)| ≤ |x+y| +|y|\implies |x|-|y| ≤|x+y| x=x+y−y⟹∣x∣=∣(x+y)+(−y)∣≤∣x+y∣+∣y∣⟹∣x∣−∣y∣≤∣x+y∣
- Same strategy for y y y, then obtain the result.
Variant 3
- By variants 1 and 2 above, ∣ ∣ x ∣ − ∣ y ∣ ∣ ≤ ∣ x ± y ∣ ||x| - |y|| ≤ |x\pm y| ∣∣x∣−∣y∣∣≤∣x±y∣