什么是比特币支付(Payments in Bitcoin)

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已于 2024-09-19 15:07:30 修改

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分类专栏： BSV知识库文章标签：比特币区块链数字货币

于 2020-05-27 11:59:54 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/BitcoinSV/article/details/106378752

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更新日期：2022年1月21日

比特币支付

在比特币的语境下，“支付”这个术语常是指买家从商家那里购买商品或服务的过程。支付是比特币的一个重要功能，因此存在一套普适的标准是非常重要的，这样就可以允许的不同参与方和软件系统在不同情境下都能够处理比特币支付。

以下是为BSV（Bitcoin SV）制定的标准，涵盖发起支付和执行支付的方法。

BIP270

BIP270是2013年推出的BIP70支付协议的简化版。它是支付主体（通常是商家、支付处理商或收款方的钱包）和他们的客户（付款方）之间的通信协议。它可以：

改善用户体验
化简钱包基础设施
允许多个输出
更好的抵御“中间人攻击”

BIP270是为使用简易支付验证（SPV）钱包而设计的，目的是为了能够在网络上实现大规模交易量，因为交易信息可以被部分或迭代地在交易参与方之间进行交换。当在付款方和收款方之间直接进行点对点操作时，交易处理速度会更快，因为此时仅需在最后将交易写进账本，即完成了对交易的清算。

BIP270是BIP70基础上的优化版，它们之间的差别包括:

• 将所有的签名交换和验证环节挪至随后的通迅中（通常是HTTP）)

可以添加多个输出
增加了一个优化管理P2P交易的库

BSVAlias（BSV化名）

BSVAlias（BSV化名）是一套能够在BSV上使用类似电子邮件形式的身份的标准，它的第一个实用案例就是付款和收款。Paymail是BSVAlias的第一个实际运用。

支付信道（payment channels）

支付信道是两方或多方可以直接交换和更新交易信息的一种机制。该机制包括:支付信道的建立、开通、更新、定型、关闭等。该机制还考虑到了倘若某一参与方失去响应，可以约定在一个固定的时间收回资金。

支付信道支持极其快速的交易更新，最后仅需在区块链上确认最终交易即可。支付信道可以用于流式传输数据、操作一系列事件，或在游戏等应用中操作实时数据集等。

过去的付款协议

过去许多支付协议使用了这样一种机制，它要求支付方将交易广播到网络，而收款人通过扫描整个网络来获取到相关交易，而不是使用SPV直接点对点处理交易。然而这种机制在交易量增加时，不具有可扩展性，效率很低。

IP对IP的支付

如果接收者愿意向支付者提供他们的IP地址，原始版本的比特币节点客户端具有IP到IP支付的功能。支付方的客户端将联系到收款人的客户端，并请求支付的公钥。这种支付方法是存在安全问题的，但是此前人们并没有尝试解决这些问题而是直接将这种机制停用了。从这个原始的想法中获取灵感的新的支付流程正在开发中，它将允许网络上的对等节点使用加密验证的IP地址安全地交互。

BIP21

BIP21是比特币历史上最主要的移动支付方式之一。几乎所有在比特币中使用的基于二维码的支付网关都是BIP21，或BIP21的扩展。BIP21本身是RFC-3986的扩展——RFC标准的URIs (通用资源标识符)。

BIP70

BIP70是一种添加了URL的BIP21扩展来接触接收者的支付协议。这个URL会引导设备连接到一个接收器上，接收器器会给它提供一个脚本，或者一个可链接到二维码的地址。

Payments in Bitcoin

The term payments in a Bitcoin context generally refers the process of a purchaser paying for a good or service from a vendor. Payments are an important aspect of Bitcoin and it is crucial that comprehensive standards exist that enable parties and software systems to process payments in ways that cover a wide variety of use cases.

There are several standards defined for Bitcoin SV that cover methods of requesting and performing payments.

BIP270

BIP270 is a streamlined version of the BIP70 Payment Protocol introduced in 2013. It is a protocol for communication between a payment host (usually either a merchant, a payment processor, or simply the recipient's wallet) and their customer (the sender of the funds). It enables:

Improved user experience
Simpler wallet infrastructure
Multiple outputs
Improved security against man-in-the-middle attacks

BIP270 is designed for wallets that use Simplified Payment Verification to achieve huge improvements at scale. Transactions can be exchanged partially or in iterations. This is far faster when done peer to peer directly between the payer and the payee, writing to the ledger only at the end to settle the transaction(s).

This BIP is an optimisation of BIP70. Changes include:

Moves all signature exchange and validation to the communication later (usually HTTPS)
Add multiple outputs
A library optimised for peer to peer transaction management

BSVAlias

BSVAlias is a set of standards for using email type identities with Bitcoin SV, with making and receiving payments as one of its first use-cases.

Paymail is the first practical implementation of BSVAlias.

Payment Channels

Payment Channels are a mechanism where two or more parties can directly exchange and update a transaction. The mechanism includes: methods for establishing, or opening, updating, and finalising or closing the payment channel. The mechanism also covers the possibility of any of the parties becoming unresponsive, usually by enabling the recovery of funds after a fixed time.

Payment channels support extremely rapid transaction updates with only the final closing transaction being confirmed in the blockchain.

Payment channels can be useful for streaming data, operating a sequence of events, or operating with a live dataset in applications such as gaming and more.

Legacy Payment Protocols

Many of the legacy payment protocols used a mechanism where the payer is asked to broadcast a transaction to the network, and the payee would scan the network for relevant transactions rather than handling the transaction directly peer-to-peer as with SPV. This mechanism does not scale when transaction volume increases and is inefficient.

IP to IP payments

The original version of the Bitcoin node client had the facility to conduct IP to IP payments where a receiver could give a payer their IP address. The payer's client would reach out to the payee's client and request a public key for the payment to be addressed to. This payment method had valid security concerns, but rather than addressing these concerns, the mechanism was removed. New payment processes are in development which draw from this original idea and will allow network peers to interact securely using cryptographically verified IP addresses.

BIP21

BIP21 has been one of the predominant means of making mobile payments in Bitcoin throughout its history. Almost all QR code based payment gateways used within Bitcoin are, or are an extension of, BIP21. BIP21 itself is an extension of RFC-3986, the RFC standard for URIs (Universal Resource Identifiers).

BIP70

BIP70 was a payment protocol for reaching out to receivers using an extension of BIP21 that added a URL. The URL directed the device to reach out to a server which would provide it with a script, or an address linked to the QR code.

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